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COL.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  FLOWERS 
MEMORIAL  COLLECTION 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
DURHAM.  N.  C. 


PRESENTED  BY 

W.  W.  FLOWERS 


THE 


VOLUNTEER'S    HAND    BOOK 


CONTAINING    AN   ABRIDGMENT   OP 

^Mtt'^  fttfatttvg  la^wsii, 

ADAPTED    TO    THE    USE    OF   THJB 

PERCUSSION  MUSKET  IN  SQUAD  AND  COMPANY  EXERCISES, 
MANUAL  OF  ARMS  FOR  RIFLEMEN, 

AND 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY 

EEGULATIONS    AS    TO    PARADES,    REVIEWS,  INSPECTIONS, 
GUARD   MOUNTING,   AC. 

BY 

JAMES  K.  LEE,  OF  THE  FIRST  REGIMENT 

OF 

VIRGINIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


Published  by  order  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina» 


RALEIGH  : 

PRINTED   AT   THU   INST.   FOR   THE   DEAF    4   DUMB   k   THB  BLIXO. 


1S61. 


^7  '5.'}  ^'2. 


INSTRUCTION 


lustructiou. 

First  principles  having  the  greatest  influence  upon 
individual  instruction,  upon  which  that  of  the  company 
and  regiment  depend,  recruits  should  be  watched  with 
the  greatest  care.  Instructors  should  explain,  in  a  few 
clear  and  precise  words,  the  movement  to  be  executed ; 
and  not  to  overburden  the  memory  of  the  men,  they 
should  always  use  the  same  words  to  explain  the  same 
principles.  They  should  often  join  example  to  precept, 
should  keep  up  the  attention  of  the  men  by  an  animated 
tone,  and  pass  rapidly  from  one  movement  to  another, 
aa  soon  as  that  which  they  command  has  been  executed 
in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

As  the  discipline  and  efficiency  of  a  company  materi- 
ally depend  upon  the  conduct  and  character  of  its  non- 
commissioned officers,  these  should  be  selected  with 
care,  and  properly  instructed  in  all  the  duties  apper- 
taining to  their  rank.  And  as  such  instruction  is  in- 
tended principally  to  qualify  them  for  the  instruction  of 
the  privates,  they  should  be  taught  not  only  to  execute, 
but  to  explain  intelligibly  every  thing  they  may  be  re^ 
quired  to  teacb. 

9  9  1!  P;  O  /I  (« 


6  COMMANDS.  * 

Commands. 

Commarwis  are  of  three  kinds  :  The  command  ofcaw- 
iioTi,  which  is  attention;  the  preparatory  command, 
which  indicates  the  movement  which  is  to  be  executed  ; 
and  the  command  of  <?X(Scwf^07^,  such  as  ?narc7i,    or  halt. 

The  tone  of  command  should  be  animated,  distinct, 
and  of  a  loudness  proportioned  to  the  number  of  men 
under  instruction.  The  cornxn^iv^d  attention  is  pronounc- 
ed at  the  top  of  the  voice,  dwelling  on  the  last  syllable. 
The  command  of  execution  should  be  pronounced  in  a 
tone  firm  and  brief.*  Those  preparatory  commands, 
which  from  their  length  are  difficult  to  be  pronouncedat 
once,  must  be  divided  into  two  or  three  parts,  with  an 
ascending  progression  in  the  tone  of  command,  but  al- 
ways so  that  the  tone  of  execution  may  be  more  energetic 
and  elevated.f 


*  The  commands  of  caution  and  the  preparatory  commands 
arc  herein  distinguished  by  bold  face,  those  of  execution  by 
CAPITALS. 

t  The  divisions  are  herein  indicated  by  a  hyphen.  The  parts 
of  commands  which  are  placed  in  a  parenthesis  are  not  pro- 
nounced. 


PART    I. 

THE  SQ,UAD. 

The  squad  drill  is  the  very  basis  of  all  proficiency  in 
military  exercise.  In  most  cases,  it  is  impracticable  to 
instruct  volunteers  in  squads  of  less  than  four  or  eight 
men  nt  a  time.  Hence  it  is  important  that  the  men 
should  fix  and  keep  their  attention  upon  tlie  instructor, 
who  ouiiht  as  far  as  possible,  to  add  example  to  precept 
in  all  of  his  instructions. 

In  all  the  following  exercises  to  ^  G7,  the  recruit  is  sup- 
posed to  be  icithout  arms.  After  lie  is  taught  the  use  of 
arms,  the  loadings  and  firings,  he  should  be  well  exer- 
cised with  arms  in  the  whole  of  the  sqnad-drill,  before 
proceeding  to  the  movements  of  company-drill. 

Position  of  tlie  Soldier. 

I  1.  Heels  on  the  same  line  and  as  close  together  as 
the  conformation  of  the  man  will  permit,  the  feet  turned 
out  equally  and  forming  with  each  other  something 
less  than  a  right  angle;  kness  straight  without  stiff- 
ness; body  erect  on  the  hips,  inclining  a  little  forward; 
shoulders  square  and  falling  equally;  arms  hanging  nat- 
urally ;  elbows  near  the  body;  palms  of  the  hands 
turned  a  little  to  the  front,  the  little  fingers  behind  the 
seam  of  the  pantaloons;  head  erect  and  square  to  the 
front,  without  constraint;  china  little  drawn  in  ;  eyes 
fix'ed  straight  to  the  Iront  and  striking  the  ground  about 
the  distance  of  fifteen  paces. 

1.  Eyes-RIGHT.     2.  FRONT. 

I  2.  At  the  word  right,  turn  the  head  gently  to  the 
right,  so  as  to  bring  the  inner  corner  of  the  left  eye  in 
a  line  with  the  centre  of  the  body,  the  eye  fixed  on  the 
line  of  the  eyes  of  the  men  in,  or  supposed  to  be  in, 
the  same  rank.  At  the  word  front,  resume  the  direct 
position. 

221524       ■ 


S  THE   SQUAD. 

The  movement  of  C7/es-LE¥T  \y\]\  he  executed  bv  in- 
verse means. 

The  instructor  will  take  care  tliat  the  movement  of 
the  head  does  not  derange  the  squareness  of  the  shoul- 
ders. 

REST. 

^  3.  At  the  command  rest,  stand  at  ease. 

1.   Uteiitioii.    2.  SQ,UAD. 

§  4.  At  the  first  v^'ord,  the  recruit  will  fix  his  atten- 
tion ;  at  the  second,  he  will  resume  the  prescribed  po- 
sition and  steadiness. 

FACINGS. 

1.  Squad.    2.  Right  (or  Left)-FACE. 

§  5.  At  the  second  command,  raise  the  right  foot 
slightly,  turn  to  tlie  right  (or  left),  on  the  left  heel, 
raising  the  toe  a  little,  and  then  replace  the  right  heel, 
by  the  side  of  the  left,  and  on  the  same  line. 

FRONT. 

I  6.  Turn  on  the  left  heel  so  as  to  regain  the  first 
position,  and  replace  the  right  heel  by  the  side  of  the 
left. 

1.  Squad.     2,  ABOUT-FACE. 

^  7.  At  the  word  about,  turn  or.  the  lett  heel,  bring 
the  left  toe  to  the  front,  carry  the  right  foot  to  the  rear, 
the  hollow  opy)Osite  to  and  full  three  mches  from  the 
left  heel,  the  feet  square  to  each  other.  At  the  w^ord 
fare,  turn  on  both  heels,  raise  the  toes  a  little,  extend 
the  thighs  and  face  to  the  r  ar,  bringing,  at  the  same 
time,  the  right  heel  by  the  side  of  the  left. 

The  men  should  take  care  that  these  motions  do  not 
derange  the  erect  position  of  the  body. 

The  Direct  Step. 

§  S.  The  direct  step,  or  pace,  in  cnmmon  time  is 
twenty-eight  inches,  veckoning  from  heel  to  heel,  and  at 
the  rate  of  ninety  in  a  minute. 


THE   SQUAD*  9 

1.  S<|uad,  forward.   2.  Common  time.  3.  MARCH. 

I  9.  At  the  first  command,  feel  tlie  weight  of  the  body 
on  the  right  leg,  without  bending  the  left  knee.  At  the 
command  March,  step  off  with  the  left  foot,  carrying  it 
straight  forward  twenty-eight  inches  from  the  right,  the 
sole  near  the  ground,  the  ham  extended,  the  toe  a  little 
depressed,  and,  as  also  the  knee,  slightly  turned  out ;  at 
the  same  time,  throw  the  weight  of  the  body  forward, 
and  plant  flat  the  left  foot,  without  shock,  precisely  at 
the  distance  where  it  finds  itself  from  the  right,  when 
the  weight  of  the  body  is  brought  forward,  the  wholeof 
which  will  now  rest  on  the  advanced  foot.  Next,  in  like 
manner,  advance  the  right  foot  and  plant  it  as  above, 
the  heel  twenty-eight  inches  from  the  heel  of  the  left 
foot,  and  thus  continue  to  march,  without  crossing  the 
legs,  or  striking  the  one  against  the  other,  without  turn- 
ing the  shoulders,  and  preserving  always  the  face  direct 
to  the  front. 

1.  Squad.    5.  HALT. 

^  10.  At  the  world  half,  which  will  be  pronoun ceda^ 
the  instant  when  either  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  the 
foot  in  the  rear  will  be  brought  up,  and  planted  by  the 
side  of  the  other,  without  shock. 

The  quick  Step. 

?  11.  The  principles  of  the  step  in  quick  time  are  the 
■same  as  for  common  time,  but  itsswiftnesssis  at  therate 
of  one  hundred  and  ten  steps  per  minute.  As  soon  aa 
the  recruit  has  acquired  steadiness  ;  has  become  estab'- 
lished  in  the  manual  of  arms,  and  in  the  mechanism, 
length,  and  swiftness  of  the  step  in  common  time,  he 
will  be  practiced  only  in  quick  time,  the  double  quick, 
tind  the  run.  The  instnictor,  wishing  the  squad  to 
march  in  quick  time,  will  command, 

1.  Squad,  forward.    2.  MARCH. 

?  12.  At  the  command  march,  the  squad  will  step  off 
and  continue  to  march  in  quick  time.* 

*Whcn  the  timo  is  not  indicated  in  the  preparatory  coa  - 
wand,  the   gquad  willalsrajs  step  off  in   q?7ICK  timiu 


10  THE   SQUAD. 

The  Double  quick  step. 

2  13.  The  length  of  the  double  quick  step  is  thirty- 
three  inches,  and  its  swiftness  at  the  rate  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five  steps  per  minute. 

1.    Double  quick  step.     2.  MARCH. 

2  14.  At  the  first  cominand,  raise  the  hands  to  a  level 
with  the  hips,  the  hands  closed,  tlie  nails  toward  the 
"body,  the  elbov/s  to  the  rear. 

§  15.  At  the  second  command,  raise  to  the  front  the 
left  leg  bent  to  its  greatest  elevation,  that  part  between 
the  knee  and  the  instep  vertical,  the  toe  depressed  ;  re- 
place the  foot  in  its  former  position  ;  execute  with  the 
right  ] eg  what  has  just  leeri  jirescrilecHoT  the  left,  and 
continue  the  alternate  moven^ent  of  the  legs  until  ■  the 
command, 

1.  Squad.     2.  HALT. 

2  16.  At  the  command  ^aZ^,  bring  the  foot  which  is 
raised  by  the  side  of  the  other,  drop  the  hands  and  re- 
sume the  position  of  the  soldier. 

i.  Squad,  forward.     2.  Double  quick.    3.  MARCH, 

f  17.  At  the  first  command,  throw  the  weight  of  the 
"body  on  the  right  leg.  At  the  second,  place  the  arms 
as  indicated  in  ^  14.  At  third,  carry  forward  the  l-efk 
foot,  the  leg  slightly  ben.t,  the  knee  raised,  plant  the  left 
foot,  the  toe  first,  thirty-three  inches  from- the  right,,  and 
with  the  right  foot  execute  what  has  just  been  prescrib- 
ed for  the  left.  The  weight  of  the  body  should  be 
thrown  upon  the  foot  that  is  planted,  and  the  men 
should  breathe  as  much  as  possible  through  the  nose, 
keeping  the  mouth  closed. 

The  Run. 

§  18.  The  principles  of  the  run  are  tTie  same  as  for 
the  double  quick  step,  the  only  difference  consisting  in 
a  greater  degree  of  swiftness.'^ 

*  To  obtain  witli  accuracy  the  cadence  of  difl'erent  steps, 
tbe  pendulum  or  metronome  must  be  employed. 

In  our  latitude,  the  pendulum, to  vibrate  common  time,  should 
\«  17.37  inches  in  length  ;  to  vibrate  quick  time,  11,63  inches  m 
laagthj  and  to  vihratfl  double  quick  tiiM,  5.17  ioGhea  La  length. 


THE   SQUAD.  11 

Alignment. 

§  19.  Six  or  eight  men  should  be  united  in  one  rank, 
elbow  to  elbow,  and  numbered  from  right  to  left  in  order 
to  be  taught  the  principles  of  alignment,  or  dressing  on 
a  line.  The  instructor  will  at  first  teach  them  to  align 
themselves  man  by  man  ;  to  this  end  he  will  command 
the  two  men  on  the  right  flank  to  march  two  paces  to  the 
front,  and  having  aligned  them,  he  will  caution  the  rem- 
ainder of  the  squad  to  move  up  as  they  may  be  successively 
called,  each  by  his  number,  and  align  them'selves  success- 
ively on  the  line  of  the- first  two, men. 

§  20.  Each  man,  as  designated  by  his  number,  will  turn 
the  head  and  eyes  to  the  right,  as  prescrilxid  in  §  2,  and 
will  march  in  quick  time  two  paces  forward,  shortening 
the  last  so  as  to  find  himself  about  six  inches  behind  the 
new  alignment,  which  he  ought  never  to  pass  ;  he  will 
next  move  up  steadily  by  steps  of  two  or  three  inches,  the 
thighs  extended,  to  the  side  of  the  man  next  to  him  on 
the  alignment,  so  that,  without  deranging  the  head,  the 
line  of  the  eyes,  or  that  of  the  shoulders,  he  may  find 
himself  in  the  exact  line  of  his  neighbor,  whose  elbow  he 
will  lightly  touch  without  opening  his  own; 

The  instructor  seeing  the  rank  well  aligned,  will  com- 
mand: 

FRONT, 

§  21.  At  this  the  men  will  turn  their  eyes  to  the  front 
and  remain  firm. 

§  22.  Alignments  to  the  left  v/ill  be  executed  on  the 
same  principles. 

When  the  men  shall  have  thus  learned    to  align   them- 
selves man  by  man  correctly,  the  instructor  will  cause  the 
entire  rank  to  align  itself  at  once  by  the  command: 
Right  (or  left)-DRESS. 

§  23.  At  this,  the  rank,  except  the  two  men  placed  as  a 
basis  of  alignment,  will  move  up  in  quick  time,  and  place 
themselves  on  the  new  line  as  prescribed  in  §  20. 

The  instructor  seeing  the  rank  aligned  will  command : 
FRONT. 

§  24.  Alignments  to  the  rear  will  be  executed  on  the 
same  principles,  the  men  stepping  back   a   little   beyond 


I'ii  THE   SQUAD. 

the  line  and  then  dressing  up  by   steps   of  two    or  three 

inches  as  prescribed  in  §  20,  the  instructor  commanding  : 

Right   (or  left)  backu ard-DRESS. 

To   march  to  the   front. 

§  2.3.   The  rank   being  aligned,    when  the     instructor 

shall  wish  to  cause  it  to  march  by  the  front,  he  will  place  a 

well-instructed  man  on  the  right  or  left  according    to   the 

side  on  which  he  may  wish  the  guide  to  be,  and  command  : 

1.  Squad,  forward.  2  Guide  right  (or  left).  3.  MARCH* 

§  26.  At  the  word  march,  the  rank  will  step  off  prompt- 
ly with  the  left  foot ;  the  guide  should  takp  care  to  march 
straight  to  the  front  ;  the  men  should  touch  lightly  the  elbow 
toward  the  side  of  the  guide,  be  careful  not  to  open  out  the 
left  elbow  nor  the  right  arm,  yield  topresure  coming  from 
the  side  of  the  guide,  and  resist  that  coming  from  the  op- 
posite side,  keep  the  head  direct  to  the  front,  no  matter 
on  which  side  the  guide  may  be,  and  if  found  before  or 
behind  the  alignment,  shorten  or  lengthen  the  step  by  de- 
grees, almost  insensible,  until  the  foult  is  corrected. 
To  March  Obliquely, 

The  squad  being  in  march,  the  instructor  desiring  them 
to  march  obliquely,  will  command: 

1.  Right  (or  left)  oblique.    2.  MARCH. 

§  27.  At  the  second  command,  each  man  will  make  a 
half  face  to  the  right  (or  left),  and  will  then  march 
straight  forward  in  the  new  direction.  As  the  men  no 
longer  touch  elbows,  they  will  glance  along  the  shoulders 
of  the  nearest  files  toward  the  side  to  which  they  are  ob- 
liquing, and  will  regulate  their  steps  so  that  the  shoulders 
shall  always  be  behind  that  of  their  next  neighbor  on  that 
side,  and  that  his  liead  shall  conceal  the  heads  of  the 
other  men  in  the  rank.  The  men  should  preserve  the 
same  length  of  pace  and  the    same  degree  of  obliquity: 

The  instructor  wishing  to  resume  the  primitive  direction, 
will  command  : 

1.  Forward.     2.    MARCH. 

?  28.  At  the  second  command,  each  man  will  make  a 
iialffaceto  the  left  (or  right),  and  all  will  then  march 
straiijht  to  the  front  as  in  the  direct  march. 


THE   SQUAD. 


13 


The  squad  being  at  a  halt,  if  the  instructor  should  wish 
to  march  it  in  the  back  step,  he  will  command: 

1.  Squad,  backward.    2.   Guide   right   (or  left). 
3.  MARCH. 

^  29  At  the  command  march,  step  off  smartly  with  the 
left  foot  fourteen  inches  to  the  rear,  and  so  on  with  the 
feet  in  succession,   the   head  direct  to  the  front,  touching 
the  elbow  toward  the  guide  and  yielding  to  pressure  from 
that   side,    until    the    command   halt.     At  this  command 
bring  the  foot  in  front  by  the  side  of  the  other. 
To  mark  time. 
The  squad  marching  in  the    direct  step  in  common  or 
quick  time,  the  instructor  will  command  : 
1.  Mark  time.   2.  MARCH. 
§   30.   At  the  second  command,  which  will  be   given  at 
the  instant  either   foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,    make   a 
semblance  of  marching,  by  advancing  first   one  foot,   and 
then  the  other,  always    bringing  back  the  advanced    foot 
and  placing  its  heefby  the  side   of  the  heel  of  the  other. 
1.  Change   step.    2.  3IARCH. 
§  31.   At  the  second   command,    given    at   the    instant 
either  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  bring  up  quickly  the 
foot  in  the  rear  to  the  side  of  that  just  come  to  the  ground, 
and  step  off  with  the  latter. 

1.  Squad,  right  about.  2.  MARCH. 
^  32.  At  the  command  march,  which  will  be  given _  at 
the  instant  the  left  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  bring 
this  foot  to  the  ground,  and  turning  on  it  face  to  the  rear, 
then  place  the  right  foo^  in  the  new  direction,  and  step  off 
with  the  left  foot. 

If  the  squad  be  marching  and  the  instructor  should 
wish  to  bring  it  to  a  halt  and  faced  to  the  rear,  he  will 
command  : 

1.  Squad,  right  about.     2.  HAtT. 
§  33.  At  the  command  halt,  which  will   be  givei^  "s  the 
left  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,   bring   this    foot    to  the 
ground  and  turning  on  it   face  to  the  rear,  then  bring  the 
right  foot  to  the  side  of  the  left. 


14  THE   SQUAD. 

The  squad  being  at  halt,  the  instructor  wishing  to 
move  it  to  the  right  on  the  same  line,  will  command: 
1.  Side  step  to  the  rig^ht.    2.  MARCH. 

I  34.  At  the  second  command,  each  man  will  glance 
liis  eyes  to  the  right,  and  at  the  same  time  carry  his 
right  foot  about  ten  inches  to  the  right,  and  it)stantly 
brine  up  his  left  foot,  and  so  on,  the  wliole  with  perfect 
precision  of  time,  shoulders  square  to  the  front,  and 
each  man  perceptibly  halting,  when  he  has  closed  on 
the  fixed  point,  or  on  the  man  next  to  him.  Thus  con- 
tinues until  the  command: 

1.  Squad.     2.  HAI.T. 

§  35.  At  the  second  command,  bring  up  the  left  foot 
to  the  side  of  the  right,  and  stand  firm. 

^  36.  Change  of  position  by  side  step  to  the  left  wWXhQ 
executed  on  the  same  principles  by  inverse  means. 
To  march  by  the  flauk. 

^  37.  The  rank  being  at  a  halt  and  correctly  aligned, 
the  instructor  will  command: 

Count  Twos. 

§  38.  At  this  command  the  men  count  from  right  to 
left,  pronouncing  in  a  lond  and  distinct  voice,  in  the 
same  tone,  without  hurry,  and  without  turning  the 
head,  07ie,  tioo,  according  to  the  place  which  each  occu- 
pies.    The  instructor  will  then  command  : 

1.  Squad,  right-FACE.  2.  Forward    3.  MARCH 

g  39.  At  the  command /ace,  the  squad  will  face  to 
the  right;  the  even  numl>cred  men,  alt«r  facing  to  the 
right,  will  step  quickly  to  the  side  of  the  odd  numbered 
men,  the  latter  standing  fast,  so  that  when  the  move- 
ment is  executed,  the  men  will  be  formed  into  files  of 
two  men  abreast. 

^  40  At  the  command,  march,  the  squad  will  step  off 
smartly  with  the  left  foot  ;  the  files  keeping  aligned 
and  preserving  their  intervals. 

g  41.  To  march.ity  the  left  flank  will  be  executed  by 
the  same  command,  substituting  the  word  left  ibr  right 
and  by  inverse  means;  in  this  case  the  even  numbered 
men,  after  facing  to  the  left,  will  stand  fast,  and  the  odd 
numbered  will  place  themselve*  on  their  left. 


THE    SQUAD.  15 

1.  Squad.     2.  HAtT.     3.  FRONT. 

§  42.  At  the  second  command,  the  squad  will  halt, 
and  afterwards  no  man  will  stir,  although  he  may  have 
lost  his  distance. 

§  43.  At  the  third  command,  each  man  will  front  by 
facing  to  the  left,  if  marching  by  he  right  flank,  and 
by  a  face  to  the  right,  if  marching  by  the  left  flank. 
The  rear  rank  men  will  at  the  same  time  move  quickly 
into  their  places,  so  as  to  form  the  squad  again  into  one 
rank. 

To  change  direction  by  file,  the  instructor  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  By  tile  left  (or  right).    2.  MARCH 

§  44.  At  the  command  march,  the  first  file  will 
change  direction  to  the  left  (or  right)  in  describing  a 
small  arc  of  a  circle,  and  will  then  march  straight  for- 
ward :  the  two  men  of  this  file  in  wheeling  will  keep  up 
the  touch  of  the  elbows,  and  the  man  on  the  side  to 
which  the  wheel  is  made,  will  shorten  the  first  three  or 
four  steps.  Each  file  will  come  successively  to  wheel 
on  the  same  spot  where  that  which  preceeded  it  wheeled. 

To  face  by  the  right  or  left  flank  in  marching,  the 
command  is, 

1.  Squad  by  the  right  (or  left)  flank.     2.  MARCH. 

§  45.  At  the  command  march,  which  wnll  be  given  as 
either  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  the  men  will  turn 
the  body,  plant  the  foot  that  is  raised  in  the  new  direc- 
tion, and  step  off  with  the  other  foot  without  altering 
the  cadence  of  the  step  ;  the  men  will  double  or  un- 
double  rapidly. 

§  46.  If  in  facing  by  the  right  or  left  flank,  the  squad 
should  face  to  the  rear,  the  men  will  come  into  one  rank 
agreeably  to  the  principles  above  indicated  in  ^  43.  Ob- 
serve, that  the  men  who  are  in  rear,  always  move  up  to 
form  into  single  rank,  and  in  such  manner  as  never  to 
invert  the  order  of  the  numbers  in  the  rank. 

^  47.  If  when  the  squad  has  been  faced  to  the  rear, 
the  instructor  should  cause  it  to  face  by  the  left  flank, 
it  is  the  even  number  who  will  double  by  moving  to  the 
Ififl  of  th«  odd  uumbofs  j  but  if  by  the  right  flank,  it  ia 


16  THE    SQUAD. 

the  odd  numbers  "svho   will   double   to   the  right  of  the 
even  numbers. 

^  48.  Whenever  the  instructor  desires  tlie  men  to 
march  in  one  rank,  he  will  caution  them  not  to  double 
files. 

WHEEIINGS. 

^49.  Wheelings  are  of  two  kinds;  from  halts  or  on 
fixed  pivots,  and  in  march  or  on  movable  pivots, 

^  50.  Wheeling  on  a  fixed  pivot,  takes  ])lace  in  pass- 
ing a  corps  from  the  order  in  battle  to  the  order  in 
column,  or  from  the  latter  to  the  former, 

^  51,  Wheels  in  marching  take  place  in  changes  of 
direction  in  column,  as  often  as  this  movement  is  ex- 
ecuted to  the  side  opposite  to  tlie  guide. 

§  52.  In  wheels  from  a  bait  the  pivot  man  only- 
turns  in  his  place,  without  advan<:riv:g  or  receding, 

§  53.  In  the  wheels  in  marching,  the  pivot  man  takes 
steps  of  full  nine  inches,  to  clear  the  wheeling  point  be- 
fore the  next  subdivision  arrives  on  the  same  ground, 
which  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  succeeding  subdi- 
visions may  not  loose  their  distances  by  being  delayed. 

§  54.  In  both  cases,  the  man  on  the  wheeling  flank 
will  always  take  the  full  pace  of  twenty-eight  inches. 

Wheelings  from  a  halt,  or  on  a  lixetl  pivot. 

The  rank  being  at  halt,  the  instructor  will  place  a 
well-instructed  man  on  the  wheeling  Hank  to  conduct  it, 
and  then  command: 

1.  By  Squad,   ri^ht  wheel.     2.  MARCH, 

§  55,  At  the  command  marcA,  the  rank  will  step  off 
with  the  left  foot,  turning  at  the  same  time  the  head  a 
little  to  the  left,  the  eyes  fixed  on  the  line  of  the  eyes 
of  the  men  to  the  left;  the  pivot  man  will  merely  mark 
time  in  gradually  turning  his  body,  in  order  to  conform 
himself  to  the  movement  of  the  marching  flank;  the 
man  who  conducts  this  flank,  will  take  steps  of  twenty- 
eight  inches,  and  from  the  first  step  advance  a  little  the 
left  shoulder,  cast  his  eyes  from  time  to  time  along  the 
rank,  and  feel  constantly  the  elbow  of  the  next  maa 
i     hily,  but  neve;'  puji.h  bjm. 


THE   «QUAt>,  17 

§  56.  The  other  men  will  feel  lightly  the  elbows  of  tho 
next  man  toward  the  pivot,  resist  pressure  coming  from 
the  opposite  si^le,  and  each  will  conform  himself  to  the 
inarching  flank — shortening  his  step  according  to  his 
approximation  to  the  pivot. 

The  instructor  will  make  the  rank  wheel  round  the 
circle  once  or  twice  before  halting,  in  order  to  cause  the 
principles  to  be  better  understood,  and  he  will  be  watch- 
iul  that  the  centre  does  not  break. 

§  57.  The  wheel  to  the  left  will  be  executed  according 
to  the  same  principles.  To  arrest  the  wheel,  the  instruct- 
or will  command  : 

1.  Squad.    2.  HALT. 

§  58.  At  the  second  command,  the  rank  will  halt  and 
no  man  stir.  The  instructor  going  to  the  flank  opposite 
to  the  pivot,  will  place  the  two  outer  men  of  that  flank 
in  the  direction  he  may  wish  to  give  the  rank,  taking 
care  to  leave  between  them  and  the  pivot  only  the  space 
necessary  to  contain  the  other  men.  He  will  then  com- 
mand : 

Left  (or  right)  DRESS. 

§  59.  At  this  the  rank  will  place  itself  on  the  align- 
ment of  the  two  men  established  as  the  basis  in  conform- 
ity with  the  principles  prescribed  in  §  20. 

§  CO.  The  instructor  will  next  command  Front,  which 
will  be  executed  as  prescribed  in  §  21. 

Wheeling  iu  marchiug",  or  on  a  moveable  pivot. 
The  rank  being  in  march,    the  instructor   will   com- 
mand : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  wheel.    2.  MARCH. 

§  61.  The  first  command  will  be  given  when  the  rank 
is  yetfou7'  paces  from  the  wheeling  point. 

§  62.  At  the  second  command,  the  wheel  will  be  exe- 
cuted in  the  same  manner  as  from  a  halt,  except  that 
the  touch  of  the  elbow  will  remain  toward  the  marching 
flank  (or  side  of  the  guide)  instead  the  side  of  the  actu- 
al pivot;  that  the  pivot  man,  instead  of  merely  turning 
in  his  place,  will  conform  himself  to  the  movement  o 
th§  .aa^xjbinji  fl^.o,^^  f«el  lightly  th«  «^b©w  qf^  \k9  A*X 


18  THE    SQUAD. 

man,  take  steps  of  full  nine  inches,  and  thus  gain  ground 
forward  in  describing  an  arc  of  a  small  circle,  to  clear 
the  point  of  the  wheel.  The  middle  of  the  rank  will 
bend  slightly  to  the  rear.  As  soon  as  the  movement 
shall  commence,  the  man  who  conducts  the  marching 
flank  will  cast  his  eves  on  the  ground  over  which  he 
will  have  to  pass. 

The  wheel  being  ended,  the  instructor  will  command  ; 

1.  Forward.     2.  MARCH 

§  G3.  The  first  command  will  be  pronounced  when 
fouj'  paces  are  yet  required  to  complete  the  change  of 
direction. 

§  64.  At  the  command  anarch,  which  will  be  given  at 
the  instant  of  completing  the  wheel,  the  man  who  con- 
ducts the  marching  tiank  (or  guide)  will  direct  himself 
straight  forward  ;  the  pivot  man  and  all  the  rank  will 
retake  the  step  of  twenty-eight  inches,  and  bring  the 
head  direct  to  the  front. 

TURNING 

To  change  direction  to  the  side  of  the  guide  in  march- 
ing, the  instructor  will  command  : 

1    teft  (or  right)  turn.     2.  MARCH. 

§  65.  The  first  command  will  be  given  when  the  rank 
is  yet  four  paces  from  the  turning  point. 

§  66.  At  the  command  march,  to  be  pronounced  at 
the  instant  the  rank  ought  to  turn,  the  guide  will  face 
the  left  (or  right)  in  marching,  and  move  forward  in 
the  new  direction  without  slackening  or  quickening  the 
cadence  (rate  of  march),  and  without  shortening  or 
lengthening  the  step.  The  whole  rank  will  promptly 
conform  itself  to  the  new  direction  ;  to  effect  which, 
each  man  will  advance  the  shoulder  opposite  to  the 
guide,  take  the  double  quick  step,  to  carry  himself  in 
the  new  direction,  turn  the  head  and  eyes  to  the  side 
of  the  guide,  and  retake  the  touch  of  the  elbow  on  that 
side  in  placing  himself  on  the  alignment  of  the  guide, 
from  whom  he  will  take  the  step,  and  then  resume  the 
direct  position  of  the  head.  Each  man  will  thus  arrive 
,  successively  on  the  alignjaa«jQt. 


MANUAI.  OF  AFMS, 

I  67.  The  manual  of  arms  should  be  tau^^ht  to  two 
men  placed  at  first  side  by  side  in  one  rank,  elbow  to 
elbow,  and  next  in  a  single  file,  that  is,  one  behind  the 
other.  Each  commarid  is  executed  in  one  time  (or 
pause),  and  is  divided  into  motions.  The  rate  (or  swift- 
ness) of  each  motion,  except  the  motions  relative  to  the 
cartridge,  to  the  rammer,  and  to  the  fixing  and  unfixing 
of  the  bayonet,  is  fixed  at  the  nineti-eth  part  of  a  minute; 
but  the  motions  here  excepted  should  he  executed  witK 
promptness  and  regularity.  As  soon  as  tho  men  shall 
well  comprehend  the  positions  of  the  several  motions, 
they  will  be  taught  to  execute  the  time  without  resting 
On  the  motions. 

Position  of  Shoulder  Arms« 

I  68  The  piece  in  the  left  hand,  the  arm  but  a  very 
little  bent,  the  elbow  back,  near  the  body,  the  palm  of  the 
hand  pressing  on  the  outer  flat  of  the  butt;  the  outer  edge 
of  the  butt  on  the  upper  joints  of  the  fingers,  (the  inner 
edge  on  the  lower  joints,  and  the  ends  inside,)  the  heel  of 
the  butt  between  the  fore  and  middle  fingers,  the  thumb 
<?n  the  front  screws  of  the  butt-plate  the  remaining  fingers 
under  the  butt,  the  butt  more  or  less  kept  back,  according 
to  the  conformation  of  the  man,  so  that  the  piece  seen 
from  the  front  (or  side)  shall  appear  perpendicular,  and 
also  that  the  movement  of  the  thigh,  in  marching,  may  not 
raise  it,  or  cause  it  to  waver;  the  stock  below  the  tail  band, 
resting  against  the  hollow  of  the  shoulder,  just  withinth© 
joint,  the  right  arm  hanging  naturally  as  in  the  position  of 
the  soldier. 

Present- ARMS.     [7 wo  motions.] 

^'^.  Fir<i'\  Turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the 
lock  out,  and  seize  the  small  at  the  same  time  with  the 
right  hand,  the  piece  perpendicular  and  detached  from 
the  shoulder,  the  left  hand  remaining  under  the  butt. 

^  70.  Second.  Complete  the  turning  inwards  of  the 
piece  so  as  to  bring  it  erect  before  the  centre  of  the  body, 
the  rammer  to  the  front,  the  right  hand  under  and  against 
the  guard;  seize  it  smartly  at  the  same  time  with  the  left 
baad  above  the  lock,  the  thumb  extended  along  the  barrel 


2fO  THE   SQUAD. 

and  on  the  stock,  the  fore-arm  resting  on  the  body  without 
consiraint,  and  the  hand  at  the  height  of  ^he  elbow. 

Shoalder.  A  RMS.  [  Ttco  motions.] 
§  71.  First.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the 
barrel  out;  (with  the  thumb  on  the  S  plate,  and  the  fore- 
finger against  the  cock,)  raise  and  support  it  against  the 
left  shoulder  with  the  right  hand,  drop  the  left  hand  under 
the  butt,  the  right  hand  resting  on,  without  grasping  tke 
small. 

^  72.  /Second.  Drop  quickly  the  right  hand  into  its 
poaitioa. 

Order- A.RMS.     [Two  motions.'] 

^  73.  First.  Drop  the  piece  smartly  by  extending  the 
left  arm,  seize  it  at  the  same  time  with  the  right  band 
above  and  near  the  tail  band;  (without  the  least  pause,) 
quit  the  hold  of  the  left  hand,  and  carr}'  the  piece  oppo- 
site to  the  right  shoulder,  the  rammer  in  front,  the  little 
finger  behind  the  barrel,  the  right  hand  supported  against 
the  hip,  the  butt  three  inches  from  tbe  ground,  the  piece 
erect,  the  left  hand  hanging  by  the  side. 

^  74.  Second.  Let  the  piece  slip  through  the  right  hand 
to  the  ground  without  shock,  and  take  the  following 
position: 

Position  of  Order-Arm*. 

§  75.  The  hand  low,  the  barrel  between  the  thumb 
and  forefinger  extended  along  the  stock;  the  other  fingers 
extended  and  joined;  the  muzzle  about  two  inches  from 
the  right  shoulder;  the  rammer  in  front;  the  toe  (or  beak) 
of  the  butt,  against  and  in  a  line  with,  the  toe  of  the  right 
foot,  the  barrel  perpendicular. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     [Two  motions.'] 

§  76.  First.  Raise  smartly  the  piece  with  the  right 
hand,  carry  it  against  the  left  shoulder,  so  as  to  bring  the 
barrel  to  the  front;  place  at  the  same  time  the  left  hand 
Tinder  the  butt,  and  slip  the  right  hand  down  to  the  ham- 
mer. 

§  77.  Second.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position. 

Sapport-ARMS.    [Three  motions.] 

^  7P;  First.    Witli  the  rfght  hand  ^izt  Ifce  smoll  of  tli« 


THE   SQUAD.  21 

stock  four  inches  below   the  lock,  raising  a  little,  bul    not 
turning  the  piece. 

§  79.  Second.  Take  the  left  hand  from  the  butt,  ex- 
tend the  left  forearm  upward  across  the  body,  under  the 
cock,  the  hand  flat  on  the  right  breast. 

§  80.  Third.  Drop  the  right  hand  smartly  into  its 
position. 

Carrv-ARMS.     {lliree  motions.'] 

§  81.  First.  Carry  quickly  the  right  hand  to  the  small. 

§  82.  Second.  Place  quickly  the  left  hand  upon  the 
butt. 

.  §  8S,  Third.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position,  and  drop  with  the  left,  at  the  same  time,  the 
piece  into  the  position  oi  shoulder  arms. 

Unfix-BAYONET.     {Three  motions.'] 

§  84.  First.  Drop  the  piece  by  a  smart  extension  of 
the  left  arm,  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  above  and  near 
the  tail  band. 

§  85.  Second.  Drop  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  along 
the  left  thigh,  seize  in  with  the  left  hand  above  the  right, 
lengthen  out  the  left  arm,  rest  the  butt  on  the  ground 
without  shock,  and  carry  at  the  same  time  the  right  hand 
to  the  bayonet ;  with  the  thumb,  turn  the  clasp  against 
the  stop,  *  seize  the  bayonet  at  ihe  socket  and  shank,  so 
that  the  lower  end  of  the  socket  may  be  about  an  inch 
below  the  heel  of  the  palm,  and  that  in  resting  off  the 
bayonet,  the  thumb  may  be  extended  on  the  blade. 

§  86.   Third.  Wrest  off  the    bayonet,    return  it  to  the 
scabbard,  place  immediately  the  right  little    linger  on  the 
butt  of  the   rammer,  lower  the  left  hand  along  the  barrel, 
extending  the  arm,  without  depressing  the  shoulder. 
Shoulder- ARMS.     [  Three  motions,] 

§  87.  First.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  along 
the  left  side,  the  hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the  fore- 
arm touching  the  piece,  the  barrel  to  the  front;  drop  at 
the  same  time  the  right  hand  to  seize  the  piece  a  little 
above  the  small,  the  forefinger  touching  the  cock,  and  the 
thumb  on  the  S  plate. 

*  If  tho  bajouets  have  no  clasp,  of  course  omit  tliia 


22  THE   SQUAD. 

§  88.  Second.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  drop 
the  left  and  place  it  under  the  butt,  support  the  piece 
with  the  right  hand  against  the  shoulder,  in  the  position  of 
shoulder  arms,  the  right  hand  resting  on  without  grasp- 
ing the  piece. 

§  89.  Third.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position. 

Secure- ARMS.     [Two  motions.] 

§  90.  First.  Seize  quickly  the  piece  with  the  right 
hand,  the  thumb  on  the  S  plate,  and  the  forefinger 
against  the  cock  ;  at  the  same  instant  detach  the  piece 
from  the  shoulder,  he  barrel  to  the  front,  seize  it  at  the 
tail  band  with  the  left  hand,  the  thumb  extended  on  the 
rammer,  the  piece  erect,  opposite  the  shoulder,  the  left 
elbow  on  the  piece, 

§  91.  Second.  Reverse  the  piece,  pass  it  under  the  left 
arm,  the  left  hand  remaining  at  the  tail  band,  the  thumb 
on  the  rammer,  the  little  finger  resting  against  the  hip, 
and  the  right  hand  falling,  at  the  same  time,  into  its 
position. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     [7'tco  jnolions.] 

§  92.  First.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  (but 
not  too  suddenly,  lest  the  rammer  should  fly  out,)  seize 
the  small  with  the  right  hand  to  support  it  against  the 
shoulder,  quit  the  hold  of  the  left  hand,  and  place  quickly 
this  hand  under  the  butt. 

§  93.  Second.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position  ;  drop  at  the  same  time  the  piece  into  the  position 
of  shoulder  arms. 

Fix-BAYONET.     [Tliree  motions,] 

§  94.  First.  As  in  vi'ijix  hayonet,  §  84. 

§  95.  Second,  As  in  unjix 'bayonet,  §85,  except  that  the 
right  hand  will  go  to  the  scabbard,  to  seize  the  bayonet 
by  the  socket  and  shank,  so  that  the  lower  (now  upper) 
end  of  the  socket  shall  extend  about  an  inch  above  the 
heel  of  the  palm. 

§96.  Third.  Draw  the  bayonet  from  the  scabbard,  carry 
and  fix  it  on  the  muzzle,  turning  the  clasp  towards  the 
body  with  the  right  thumb ;  place  immediately  the  Uttle 


THE    SQUAD.  23 

finger  on  the  head  of  the  rammer,  lower  the  left  hand 
along  the  barrel,  extending  the  arm  without  depressing  the 
shoulder. 

Shoulder-ARMS.     \^Three  vxotiom?^ 
§  97.  First.  Second,  and   Third,  as  in  Shoulder   arms 
from  Urr/ix  bayonet. 

Chargp-BAYONET.    {Two  ^notions.] 

§  9S.  First,  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel, 
bring  the  left  toe  to  the  front,  place  at  the  same  time  the 
right  foot  behind  and  at  right  angels  with  the  left,  the 
hollow  of  the- right  foot  opposite  to^  about  three  inches  from 
the  left  heel  :  turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  lock  out- 
wards, and  seize  the  handle  at  the  same  time  with  the  right 
hand,  the  piece  perpendicular  and  detached  from  the  shoul- 
der ;  (leave  the  left  hand  under  the  butt.) 

§  99.  Second.  Bring  down  the  piece  with  the  right  hand 
into  left,  the  latter  seizing  it  a  little  in  advance  of  the  tail 
band,  the  barrel  up,  the  "left  elbow  near  the  body,  the 
right  hand  supported  against  the  hip,  the  point  of  the  bay- 
onet at  the  height  of  the  eye.  (The  men  of  the  rear  rank 
will  take  care  not  to  touch  their  file-leaders  with  the  points 
of  their  bayonets.) 

Slioulder-AR3IS.     [Two  motions.'] 

§  100.  First.  Face  to  the  front  by  turning  on  the  left 
heel,  bring  up  the  '-ight  by  the  side  of  the  left  heel  :  at  th© 
same  time  spring  up  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  to  the 
left  shoulder,  and  place  the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

§101.  Second.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position, 

Trail-ARMS.     [Tioo  motions.] 

^  102.  First.  As  the  first  motions  of  Order  arms,  §  73. 

§108.  Second.  Incline  a  little  the  muzzle  to  the  front, 
the  butt  to  the  rear,  and  about  three  inches  from  the  ground, 
the  right  hand  (the  little  finger  having  been  slipped  to  the 
front),  grasping  the  piece  and  supported  at  the  hip.'^ 

*  If  the  instructor  wish  to  relieve  the  men  when  marching 
with  arms  trailed,  he  will  command:  CJui/ige-Ilx^ns  ,  Avhich 
will  be  executed  in  one  motion,  by  raising  the  muzzle  to  the 
shoulder  passing  the  piece  across  the  front  of  the  body,  trailing 


S4  THE   SQUAD. 

Shoulder-ARMS. 

§104.  At  the  command  shoulder,  raise  the  piece  per- 
pendicularly in  the  right  hand  :  at  the  command  arms, 
execute  the  two  motions  in  shoulder  arms,  from  the  posi- 
tion o^  order  arms. 

If  the  instructor  wish  to  give  repose  in  tlie  j^osition  of 
order  arms,  he  will  command 

RKST. 

§  105.  At  this  command,  the  men  will  no  longer  be  re- 
quired to  preserve  silence  or  to  remain  steady  in  position. 

Or  he  will  command  : 

1.  In    place.    2.  REST. 

§  106.  At  the  second  command,  the  men  will  not  be 
required  to  preserve  silence  or  steadiness  of  position,  but 
they  must  always  keep  one  or  the  other  heel,  and  their 
pieces,  on  the  alignment. 

Or  he  will  command  : 

1.  Parade,    2.  REST. 

?  107.  At  the  second  command,  the  men  will  carry 
the  right  foot  six  inches  in  rear  of  the  left  heel,  the  left 
knee  slightly  bent,  the  body  upright  upon  the  right  leg, 
the  piece  resting  against  the  liollow  of  the  right  shoul- 
der, the  hands  crossed  in  front,  the  backs  of  them  out- 
wnrds,  the  left  hand  uppermost,  the  eyes  direct  to  the 
front. 

1.  Attention.     2.  SCtUAD. 

^  108.  At  the  second  word,  the  men  will  resume  the 
correct  position  oi  order  arms. 

^  109.  If,  at  the  command  in  pJace-ref^t  or  para  de-rest, 
the  squad  ho  in  the  position  of  sripjiort-arms,  the  men 
will  be  regulated  by  tlie  directions  in  ??  lOG,  107.  except 
that  they  will  bring  up  smartly  the  right  hand  to  the 
small  of  the  stock.  At  the  command  of  attention,  they 
will  resume  the  correct  position  at  support-arms. 

itwith  <hcleft,  and  droppin,^  the  rijyht  hand  by  the  side  At 
the  command,  /{'<?-(?/'(</?, c/^-H A nds,  raise  the  muzzle  to  the  should- 
er, pass  the  piece  to  the  right  hand  and  retake  the  position  of 
trail  arms. 


THE   SQUAD-  25 

To  Itigkt  Shoulder  Shift- ARMS.*    [Two  fuotions.] 

§  110.  First.  Turn  tlie  piece  v.'ith  the  kft  hand, 
lock  to  the  front,  seize  it  at  same  time  with  the  right 
kaod  at  the  small. 

§  111-  Second.  Carry  the  piece  to  the  right  shoul- 
der, the  lock  plate  upwards,  the  left  hand  still  holding 
the  butt,the  muzzle  elevated  ;  place  the  right  hand  or 
the  butt,  the  beak  between  the  first  two  tingers,  the  other 
two  fingers  umi^r  the  butt  plate,  an-d  l-et  fail  t-he  left 
hand  hy  the  s^ide. 

Shoulder- A  RMS.     [Tico  motiom.'] 

^  112.  Firs*.  Raise  the  piece  and  extend  the  riglit 
arm,  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  above  the  lock,  carry 
tJie  piece  against  th>e  left  shoulder,  turning  the  barrel 
to  the  front,  (in  turning  place  thethumbon  theSplate,) 
the  right  hand  being  at  tJie  small,  pkice  the  left  hand 
under  the  butt. 

^  113.     Second.     Let  the  right  hand  fall  by  th«  side. 

Slope    (or   Ea«e)   ARMS.     [One  motion.'] 
?  114.     Carry  forward  and  raise  slightly  the  left  hand, 
^^  that  the  piece  will  rest  at  the  lower  band  on  the  left 
ehoukier,  kee^)  the  muzzle  elevated,    the   piece   sloped 
<iiagonal!y  to  the  rear. 

Carry- ARMS.     [On^  ynotion.] 
I  115.     Depress  the  left  hand  and  resume  the  position 
of  shoulder  arms. 

Arms-AT  WILL.      [One  motioK.] 
§  116.     Carry  the  piece  ot  pleasure  on  either  shoul- 
der, with  one  or  both  hands,  the  muzzle  elevated. 
Shoulder- ARMS,    [OnemotionJ] 
■^  117.     Retake  quickly  the  position  of  «AoM?(Zer  arTTJ*. 

Arms-PORT. 

^  118.  TliTOw  the  piece  diagonally  across  the  body, 
the  lock  to  the  front,  seize  it  smartly  at  the  same  time 
^vTth  both  hands,  the  right  at  the  small,  the  left  at  the 
tail  band,  the  thumbs  pointing  towards  the  muzzle,  the 

*From  position  of  should-ev  arm^. 


^ 


S6  THE   SQUAD. 

barrel  sloping  upwards  and  crossing  opposite  to  the  pofns 
of  the  loft  shoulder,  the  Initt  proportionally  lowered  : 
the  palm  ofthe  right  hand  above,  that  of  the  left  nnder 
the  piece,  and  the  nails  of  both  hand.<  next  to  the  body,, 
to  which  the  elbows  will  be  close<.l. 

Shoulder- Aiin»4.    [Two  motlo/.i.] 

^  119^  First.  Bring  the  piece  smartly  to  the  left- 
ehoulder,  placing  the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

?  120.  Seconds  Drop  the  rigbt  hand  smartlv  bvthe 
side* 

To  growud   Araas. 

The  squad  being  at  ordered  arms,  if  the  instructor 
wish  the  pieces  to  be  placed  on  the  ground,  he  wilJ 
e&mmand : 

Ground- A RMS»    [  Tu&  motioTis^'] 

§  121.  First  Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  haiid,  the- 
barrel  to  the  left,  at  the  same  time  sieze  the  cartridge- 
box  wdth  the  left  hand,  bend  the  body,  advance  the  left 
foot,  the  heel  opposite  the  lower  band  ;  lay  the  piece  on 
the  ground  with  the  right  hand,  the  toe  ofthe  button  a 
line  with  the  right  toe,  the  knee  slightly  bent,  the  right 
heel  raised. 

§  122.  Second,  Eise  up,  bring  the  left  foot  by  the  side- 
ofthe  right,  quit  the  carti'idge-box  with  tk^  left  hand, 
and  drop  the  hands  by  the  side.  ^  j_ 

Raise-ARMS.    [2 wo  motions.']    '^; 

§  123.  First.  Eaise  the  cartridge-box  witC  the  left 
hand,  bend  the  body,  advance  the  left  foot  opposite  the, 
lower  band,  and  sieze  the  piece  with  the  right]|^d. 

§  124.  Second.  Raise  the  piece,  bringing  ^)Mg't  foot 
by  the  side  of  the  right;  turn  the  piece  witL-|H|r4ghfe 
hand,  the  rammer  to  the  Iront;  at  the  samfew^^quit 
the  cartridge-box  with  the  left  hand,  and  drO^^J^Bpiand 
Iby  the  side.  ™ 

To  &tack  Arms. 

The  squad  being  in  two  ranks  at  order  arms,  the  in- 
structor will  command: 

Stack-ARM»* 

§  125.  At  this  commtmd,  the  front  rank  man  of  every 
even  numbered  file  will  pass  his  piece  before  him,  seiz- 


THE    SQLAD.  21 

ing  it  with  the  left  hand  above  the  middle  band,  and 
place  the  bvitt  outside  and  near  his  left  foot,  the  barrel 
turned  to  the  front,  the  muzzle  opposite  the  right 
shoulder.  At  the  same  time  the  front  rank  man  of 
every  odd  numbered  tile  will  pass  his  piece  before  him, 
seizing  it  with  the  letl  hand  below  the  middle  band,  and 
hand  it  to  the  man  next  on  the  letV,  the  latter  will  re- 
ceive it  with  the  right  hand  two  inches  above  the  middle 
hand,  throw  the  l>utt  about  thirty-two  inches  to  the 
front,  opposite  to  his  right  shoulder,  inclining  the  muz- 
zle towards  the  right  shoulder,  and  lock  the  slianks  of 
the  two  bayonets,  the  barrel  remaining  to  the  rear  and 
its  shank  above  that  of  the  first  piece.  The  rear  rank 
man  of  every  even  file  projects  his  bayonet  forward,  the 
barrel  o  the  right,  and  introduces  it  (using  both  hands) 
between  the  nuizzles  and  under  the  shanks  of  the  two 
other  bayonets.  He  will  then  abandon  the  piece  to  his 
file  leader,  who  will  receive  it  with  the  right  hand  under 
the  middle  band,  bring  the  b^tt  to  the  front,  holding  up 
his  own  piece  and  the  stack  with  the  left  hand,  and 
place  the  butt  of  this  third  piece  between  the  feet  of 
the  man  next  on  the  right,  the  barrel  to  the  right.  The 
stack  thus  formed,  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  odd  file 
will  pass  his  piece  into  his  left  hand,  the  barrel  turned 
to  the  front,  and,  sloping  the  bayonet  forward,  rest  it  on 
the  stack. 

§  12G.  "When  organized  companies  stack  arms  the 
sergeants,  (and  also  the  corporals,  if  in  the  rank  of  file 
closers}  will  rest  their  pieces  against  the  stacks  nearest 
to  them  respectively,  after  ranks  are  broken,  and  resume 
iheir-peces  on  the  signal  to  re-form  ranks. 

^*  Take-ARMS. 

§  127. .  4t  this  command,  the  rear  rank  man  of  every 
odd  file  will  withdraw  his  pieces  from  the  stack;  the 
front  rank  man  of  every  even  Ijle  will  seize  his  own  piece 
with  the  left  hand,  and  that  of  the  man  on  his  right 
with  his  right;  the  rear  rank  )nan  of  every  even  file 
will  seize  his  piece  with  the  right  hand  at  the  middle 
band,  advancing  for  the  purpose  the  hollow  of  his  right 
foot  as  far  as  the  ijght  heel  of  his  file  leader;  these  two 


28  THE    SQUAD. 

men  will  raise  up  tlie  stack  to  loosen  the  shanks;  the 
front  rank  men  of  every  odd  file  receives  his  piece  from 
the  hand  ot  the  man  next  on  the  left,  and  the  four  men 
will  retake  the  position  of  the  soldier  at  order  arms. 
Reverse- ARMS.*    [Two  motions.'] 

§  128.  First  Grasp  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  tlie 
finger  nail  to  the  front,  at  the  heighth  of  the  shoulder, 
turn  the  piece  tc  the  right  and  in  front  of  the  body,  and 
bring  it  reversed  under  the  lett  arm,  the  Itarrel  sloping 
to  the  rear;  at  the  same  time,  slip  the  left  hand  to  the 
email,  grasping  it  with  the  finger  nails  up. 

§  129.  ^^econd.  Remove  and  carry  briskly  the  right 
hand  to  the  rear  of  the  body,  and  with  it  grasp  the 
piece  betw^een  the  middle  and  lower  bands,  the  finger 
nails  outwards. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     [  Tioo  motions,'] 

§  130,  First.  Bring  the  right  hand  briskly  to  thefron^ 
an<l  with  it  grasp  the  piece  at  the  swell  of  the  stock, 
the  finger  nails  inward;  at  the  same  time,  slip  the  left 
hand  to  the  butt  and  invert  the  piece  with  both  hands, 
bringing  it  in  front  of  the  body,  to  the  shoulder,  and, 
slipping  the  right  hand,  let  it  fall  to  the  hammer. 

I  131.  Second.  Drop  the  right  hand  by  the  side. 
Rest  oii-ARMS.*     [Two  motions.] 

§  132.  First.  Grasp  the  piece  at  the  height  of  the 
shoulder  with  the  right  hand,  the  finger  nails  to  the 
front,  reverse  it  by  turning  it  to  the  right  in  front  of 
the  body,  and  let  the  muzzle  rest  on  the  lell  foot,  the 
left  hand  resting  on  the  butt. 

§  133.  SeeoncL  Remove  quickly  the  right  hand  to  the 
butt  and  let  it  rest  there,  the  finger  nails  outward  ;  at 
the  same  time,  bow  the  head  and  bend  the  right  knee. 
Shoulder- A  I?  MS.     [T'lvo  motions.] 

§  134.  First.  Drop  the  right  hand,  and  with  it  seize 
the  piece  at  the  swell  of  the  stock;  with  both  hands, 
(the  left  depressed  and  the  right  raised,)  turn  the  piece 
in  frontof  the  body,  bringing  it  against  the  left  shoulder, 
and  slipping  the  right  hand  let  it  fall  to  the  hammer. 

§  135.  Second.  Drop  the  right  hand  by  the  side. 

*  From  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 


THE    SQUAD.  29 

Inspection  of  Arms. 

The  men  being  at  ordered  arni3,  and  having  the  bayo- 
net in  the  scabbard,  tlie  instructor  will  command: 
Inspection-  A 1?  MS.    \^TIiree  inotions.'] 

§  136.  First.  Face  to  the  right  once  and  a  half,  carry- 
ing the  right  foot  perpendicular  to  the  alignment,  about 
six  inches  from,  and  at  right  angles  with  the  left  foot; 
seize  promptly  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  a  little 
above  the  middle  band,  incline  the  muzzle  to  the  rear 
without  displacing  the  heel  of  the  butt,  the  rammer 
turned  towards  the  body  ;  carrying  at  the  same  time  the 
right  hand  to  the  bayonet,  and  seize  it  as  prescribed  in 
Av  hnyonet  §-95. 

§  137.  Second.  Draw  the  bayonet  from  the  scabbard, 
carry  and  fix  it  on  the  muzzle  ;  seize  next  the  rammer, 
draw  it  as  explained  in  the  fifth  time  oilonding,  (see 
page  31,  §§  150,  151,  152,)  and  let  it  glide  to  the  bottom 
of  the  bore. 

§  188.  Third.  Face  promptly  to  the  front,  seize  the  piece 
with  the  right  hand  and  retake  the  position  of  order  arms. 

§  139.  The  instructor  will  then  inspect  in  succession 
the  piece  of  each  man,  in  passing  along  the  front  of  the 
rank.  Each,  as  the  inspector  reaches  him,  will  raise 
smartly  his  piece  with  his  right  hand,  seize  it  with  the 
left  near  the  lower  band,  the  lock  to  the  front,  the  left 
hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the  piece  opposite  to  the 
left  eye  ;  the  instructor  will  take  it  with  the  right  hand 
at  the  handle,  and  after  inspecting  it,  will  return  it  to 
the  recruit,  who  will  receive  it  b;»ck  with  the  right  hand, 
and  replace  it  in  the  position  of  order  arms. 

^  140.  When  the  instructor  shall  have  passed  him, 
each  man  will  take  tlie  position  prescribed  in  ^  136,  re- 
turn the  rammer  as  explained  in  the  seventh  time  of 
loading,  (see  page  31,  |§  154,  155,  156,)  and  resume  the 
position  of  order  arms. 

lV\\\B{Q?i.([  of  inspection  of  arms,  bayonets  are  to  be 
fixed  only,  the  command  is, 

Fix-BAYONET. 

?  141.  Take  the  position  prescribed  in  the  first  mo- 
tion of  inspection  of  arms,  ^  136  ;  fix  bayonet  and  face 
to  the  front. 


30  THE    SQUAD. 

If  the  instructor  wish  to  ascertain  whether,  any  of  the 
pieces  are  loaded,  he  will  command  : 
Spriiig-RAMMERS. 

I  142.  Put  the  rammers  in  the  barrel  as  above  ex- 
plained, and  retake  tlie  position  o^ order  arms. 

^  143.  The  inspector  ibr  tlie  purpose  stated,  can  take 
the  rammer  by  tlie  small  end,  andsprinii;  it  in  the  barrel, 
or  cause  each  man  to  make  it  ring  i?i  the  barrel. 

^  144.  Each  man,  attor  the  inspector  passes  him, 
will  return  rammer  and  resume  the  position  of  order 
arms. 

I.OADING  AND  FIRING. 

Ivoadin  ten  times. 

1.  I.OAD.     [Tivo  motion.^.'] 

^  145.  One.  Drop  the  piece  by  a  smart  extension  o^ 
the  left  arm,  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  above  and  n  ear 
the  tail  band  ;  at  the  same  time  carry  the  right  foot  for- 
ward, the  heel  against  the  hollow  of  the  left  fooi. 

I  146.  Two.  Drop  the  piece  with  the  right  hand 
along  the  left  thigh,  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  at  the 
middle  band,  and  with  the  left  hand  let  it  descend  along 
to  the  ground,  without  shock,  the  piece  touching  the  leit 
thigh,  and  the  muzzle  opposite  to  the  centre  of  the  body; 
carry  the  right  hand  quickly  to  the  cartridgebox  and 
open  it. 

2.  Haiidle-CARTRIDGE.     [One motion,'] 

?i  147.  Seize  the  cartridge  with  the  thumb  and  next 
two  lingers,  and  place  it  between  the  teeth. 

3.  Tcar-CARTRIDGE.     [One  lyiotion,.'] 

§  148.  Tear  the  pai)er  down  to  the  powder,  hold  the 
cartridge  upright  between  the  thumb  and  next  two  fing- 
ers, near  the  top  ;  and  in  this  position  place  it  in  front  of 
and  near  the  muzzle,  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the   front. 

4.  Charge-CARTR!I>GE.     [Oae  motion.] 

?  149.  Fix  the  eye  on  the  muzzle,  turn  quickly  the 
back  of  the  right  hand  towards  the  boby,  in  order  to  dis- 
charge the  powder  into  the  barrel,  raise  the  elbow  to 
the  height  of  the  wrist,  shake  the  cartridge,  force  it 
into  the  muzzle  and  leave  the  hand  reversed,  the  fingers 
extended,  the  thumb  extended  along  the  barrel. 


THE   SQUAD.  31 

3.  I>raw-"RAMMER.     [Three  motions.'] 

^  150.  One.  Drop  smartly  the  riglit  elbow  and  seize 
the  rammer  between  the  thumb  ami  forefinger  bent, 
the  other  fingers  shut;  draw  it  smartly  extending  the 
arm  ;  seize  the  rammer  again  at  the  middle,  between 
the  thumb  and  foretinger,  the  hand  reversed,  the  pahn 
to  the  front,  the  nails  up,  the  eyes  following  the  move- 
ment of  the  liand;  clear  the  rammer  from  the  pipes  by 
again  extending  the  arm. 

I  151.  Two^.  Turn  rapidly  the  rammer  between  the 
bayonet  and  the  face,  closing  the  fingers,  (the  rammer 
of  the  rear  rank  man  grazing  the  right  shoulder  of  the 
man  of  the  same  file  in  front,  respectively)  the  rammer 
parallel  to  the  bayonet,  the  arm  extended,  the  butt  of 
the  rammer  opposite  to  the  muzzle,  but  not  yet  inserted, 
the  eyes  fixed  on  the  muzzle. 

§  152.  Three.  Insert  the  butt  of  the  rammer  and 
force  it  down  as  low  as  the  hand. 

6.  Ram-C.\RTKID(iE.     [Oneinotkm.] 

§  loo.  Extend  the  arm  to  its  full  length  to  seize  the 
rammer  between  the  right  thumb  extended  and  the  fore- 
finger bent,  the  other  fmgers  closed  ;  with  force  ?'am 
home  twice  (the  right  elbow  down  nnd  near  the  piece) 
and  seize  the  rammer  at  the  1  ttle  end,  between  the  thumb 
and  forefinger  bent,  the  other  fingers  closed,  the  right 
elbow  touching  the  body. 

7 .  Re tu rn- R  M>I 31 E R .     [Th ree  motions.] 

§  154.  Ofie.  Draw  briskly  the  rammer,  reseizctho 
the  middle  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  the  hand 
reversed,  the  palm  to  the  front,  the  nails  up,  the  eyes 
following  the  movement  of  the  hand,  clear  the  rammer 
from  the  barrel  by  extending  the  arm, 

§  -155.  Two.  Turn  rapidly  the  rammer  between  the 
bayonet  and  the  face,  closing  the  fingers,  (the  rammer 
of  the  rear  rank  man  grazing  the  right  shoulder  of  the 
man  of  the  same  file  in  front,)  the  rammer  parallel  to 
the  bayonet,  the  arm  extended,  the  little  end  of  the 
rammer  opposite  to  the  first  pipe,  but  not  yet  inserted 
The  eyes  fixed  on  that  ])ipe. 

§    loO^    Thr0o»   luaert  tke  liMle  oudj  SiU<X  with   the 


32  THE   SQUAD. 

tliumb,^vvhich  will  follow  the  movement,  force  it  as  low 
as  the  middle  band;  raise  quickly  the  right  hand  a 
little  bent,  place  the  little  finger  on  the  butt  of  the 
rammer,  and  force  it  down:  lower  the  left  hand  on  the 
barrel  to  the  extent  of  the  arm,  without  depressing  the 
shoulder. 

8.  Cast-ABOUT.    [Two  motions.] 

§  157.  One.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  along 
the  left  side,  the  hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the 
forearm  touching  the  piece,  the  barrel  to  the  front; 
drop  at  the  same  time  the  right  hand  to  seize  the  piece 
a  little  above  the  small,  the  forefinger  touching  the 
lock,  the  thumb  on  the  S  plate,  and  bring  back  the 
right  heel  to  the  side  of  the  left. 

§  158.  Two.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left 
heel,  bring  the  left  toe  to  the  front,  the  right  foot  be- 
hind and  at  right-angles  with  the  left,  the  hollow  of  the 
right  foot  against  the  heel  of  the  left.  At  the  same 
time  seize  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand, 
and  bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands  to  the  po- 
sition of  charff  e-BAYONET. 

9.  PRIME.     \0>ie77iotlon.] 

§  159.     Sustain  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  (half-cock 
the  piece,)  brush  off  the  old  cap,  and  with   the  thumb 
and  first  two  fingers  take  a  cap  from  the  pouch,  place  it 
firmly  on  the  cone,  pushing  it  down  with  the  thumb. 
10.  Shoulder-AKMS.     [Two  motions.] 
§  160.     As  from  Charge-Bagonet,  §§  100,  101 

To  Load  ill  Four  Times. 
§  161.  The  first  time  will  be  executed  at  the  command 
Load;  the  three  others  at  the  words  Udo,  three,  and/our. 
liOad  ill  Four  Times-LOAD. 
§  162.  Execute  what  is  prescribed  for  Load,   Handle- 
Cartridge,  Tear- Cartridge,  and  Charge-Cartridge. 
TWO 
§  16v.     Draw-Rammer  and  Ram- Cartridge. 
THREE 

§  104.    Hcturn^Ramm^r  and  Cast-About* 


THE   SQUAD.  33 

FOUR. 

I  165.  Prime  and  Shoulder  arms. 
To  lioad  at  will, 
road  at  will-tOAD. 

\  166.  At  the  command  load,  execute  the  loading  as  in 
four  times,  but  without  resting  on  the  times. 
READY.     \Four  motions.'] 

^1^^.  One.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left 
heel,  bring  the  left  toe  to  the  front,  place  at  the  same 
time  the  right  foot  behind,  and  at  right  angels  with  the 
left,  the  hollow  of  the  right  foot  against  the  left  heel;  turn 
the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock  outwards,  and  seize 
at  the  same  time  the  handle  (or  small  of  the  stock,)  with 
the  right  hand,  the  piece  perpendicular,  and  detached 
from  the  shoulder;   (leave  the    left  hand  under  the  butt.) 

§  168.  TiDO.  Bring  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  to 
the  middle  of  the  body,  place  the  left  hand  just  above  the 
lock,  the  thumb  extended  on  the  stock  at  the  height  ofthe 
chin,  the  S  plate  almost  turned  towards  the  body,  the  ram- 
mer obliquely  to  the  left  and  front. 

^  169.  Three.  Place  the  thumb  on  the  hammer,  the 
forefinger  under  and  on  the  guard,  the  other  three  fingers 
joined  to  the  first,  the  elbow  at  the  height  of  the  wrist 

§  170.  Four.  Close  the  right  elbow  smartly  to  the  body  in 
cocking,  seize  the  piece  at  the  small,  let  it  descend  along 
the  body  in  the  left  hand  to  the  tail  band,  which  will  re- 
main at  the  height  of  the  shoulder,  (and  opposite  to  the 
centre  ofthe  body.) 

AIM.     \_On.e  inotion.] 

§  171.  Drop  smartly  the  muzzle,  the  left  hand  remain- 
ing at  the  tail  band, support  the  butt  against  the  right  shoul- 
der, the  left  elbow  a  little  down,  shut  the  left  eye,  direct 
the  right  along  the  barrel,  drop  the  head  upon  the  butt  to 
catch  the  object,  and  place  the   forefinger   on  the  trigger. 

§  172.  The  rear  rank  will,  at  the  same  time,  carry  the 
right  foot  about  eight  inches  towards  the  left  heel  of  the 
man  next  on  the  right. 

FIRE.    [One  motion.] 

§  173.  Apply  the  forefinger  with  force  lb  the  tiigget 


S4  THE   SQUAD. 

vrithout  furtlier  lowering  or  turning  tlie  head,   and  remain 
in  that  position. 

liOA-D.     [Frof?i  the  jire — two  motions.'] 

§  174.  One.  Bring  back  the  piece  quickly  with  both 
hands,  the  rear  rank  men  bringing  the  right  foot  by  the 
side  of  the  left:  depress  the  butt  strongly  by  extending  the 
right  arm,  and  carry  it  with  the  arm  thus  extended  to  the 
left  side,  the  barrel  turned  to  the  front  and  opposite  to  the 
left  shoulder,  open  the  left  hand  to  If.t  the  piece  slide 
through  it  to  the  middle  band,  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the 
front,  the  left  forearm  touching  the  stock;  at  the  same 
time  face  to  the  front,  and  carry  the  right  foot  forward, 
the  heel  against  the  hollow  of  the  left  toot. 

§175.  Two.  Quit  the  hold  of  the  right  hand;  with  the 
left  hand  remaining  at  the  middle  band,  let  the  piece  des- 
cend to  the  ground,  without  shock,  and  take  the  position 
of  the  second  motion  of  the  first  time  of  loading. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     [From  tJie  jlre— two  motions.'] 
§  176.   One,  Bring   back  the  piece   with    both  hands, 
face  to  the  front,  carry  the  piece  against  the  left  shoulder 
and  place  the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

§  177.  Two.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position, 

Recover-A  ilM"^.     [From  tJie  aim— one  motion.] 
§  178.  At  the   word  recorer,   withdraw  the  finger   from 
the  trigger;  at  the  command  arms,  throw  up  smartly   the^ 
muzzle,  and  retake  the  position  of  the   fourth  motion  of 
ready. 

Sholcler-ARMS.  [From  the  ready— one  vioiion?^ 

I  179.  At  the  word  ^ItouUev,  fVice  to  the  front,  bring 
the  piece  to  the  middle  of  the  body,  the  left  thumb  at 
the  height  of  the  chin,  the  piece  supported  by  the  left 
hand,  h'olding  it  fast  above  the  lock  ;  next  place  the  right 
thumb  on  the  head  of  the  cock,  support  the  forefinger 
on  the  trigger,  sustain  at  the  same  time  the  cock  in  its 
descent  till  it  nearly  touches  the  cone,  raise  the  cock  to 
the  half-cock  notch,  (the  reaching  of  which  will  be  both 
felt  and  heard,)  and  seize  the  handle  of  the  piece  (or 
small  ©f  stg«fc,)  wi#k  tkd  rigUfc  kaad.    At bk«  word  armt 


THE    SQUAD.  35 

carry  tli€  piece  Rinartly  to  tiiesliouMer  and  retake   the 
position  oi' shoulder  arms. 

Firing-!. 

^  180.     The  firings  are  either  direct  or  oltlique. 

For  the  direct  Jire,  the  instructor  will  command: 

1.    Fire  by  Squad.    3      Squad.    3.    READY. 

4.  AIH.    5.    FIUE.    0.  LOAD. 

§  181.  Thci^c  several  covmnaiuls  will  he  executed  as 
has  been  prescribed  \n  {he  Jlanual  o/arms.  At  the  sixth 
they  will  load  their  pieces  and  return  inmiediately  to 
the  position  of  ready. 

§  182.  The  tiring  will  be  re-commenced  by  the  com- 
mands : 

1.  Squad.     2     \I>I.     3.    FIRE.       4.  -LOAD. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  the  tiring  to  cease  he  will 
command : 

Ceasc-FiRING. 

§  183.  At  this  command  the  men  will  cease  firing, 
but  will  load  their  pieces  if  unloaded,  and  afterwards 
bring  them  to  a  shoulder. 

The  oblique  Fire. 

§  184.  Theobliquefirings  will  be  executed  to  tl;e  right 
and  left,  and  by  the  same  commands  as  the  direct  iire, 
with  this  single  diti'erence— the  comnumd  aim  will  al- 
ways be  preceded  by  the  caution,  right  or  left  ohlique. 

Position  of  the  ranks  in  the  ohlique  lire  to  the  ri^ht. 

§  185.  At  the  command  ready,  ihQ  two  ranks  will  exe- 
cute what  has  been  prescribed  for  the  direct  fire. 

§  18C).  At  the  cautionary  command,  right  oblique,  the 
two  ranks  will  throw  back  the  right  shoulder  and  look 
steadily  at  the  object  to  be  hit. 

§  187.  At  the  command  ^A^7/?,  each  frontrank  man  will 
aim  to  the  right  without  deranging  his  feet ;  each  rear 
rank  man  will  advance  the  left  foot  about  eight  inches 
towards  the  right  heel  of  the  man,  next  on  the  right  of 
his  file  leader,  and  aim  to  the  right,  inclining  the  upper 
part  of  the  body  forward,  and  bending  a  little  the  left 
knee. 

3 


35  THE    SQf  AO. 

§  188.  At  the  command  load^  both  ranks  \vinresTim& 
the  position  oHoacl  in  the  fire  direct. 

Position  of  the  ranks  in  the  oblique  fire  to  the  left. 

§  189.  At  the  command  left  oMiqne,  the  two  ranks 
will  throw  back  the  left  slioulder,  and  look  steadily  at 
the  object  to  be  hit. 

§  IDO.  At  the  command  aim,  the  front  rank  Avill  take 
aim  to  the  left  without  deranging  the  feet ;  each  man  in 
the  rear  rank  will  advance  the  right  loot  about  eight 
inches  towards  the  right  heel  of  the  man  next  on  the 
right  of  his  file  leader,  and  aim  to  the  left,  incliningthe 
upper  part  of  the  body  forward,  and  bending  a  little  the 
right  knee. 

§  191.  At  the  command  load,  both  ranks  will  come 
to  the  position  of  load  as  prescribed  in  the  direct  fire. 

To  fire  hy  file. 
The  instructor  will  command ; 
1.  Fire  hy  tile.     2.  Squad.     3.  READY.     COMMENCE 
FIRI]NG. 

§102.  At  the /6>Mri/^  command,  the  right  file  will  aim 
and  fire  the  men  together;  the  rear  rank  man,  in  talking 
aim  will  carry  the  right  foot  about  eight  inches  to  the  right 
the  next  file  aims  at  the  instant  the  first  has  fired,  and  so 
on  successively  to  the  left.  After  the  first  fire  every  man 
will  load  and  fire  without  waiting  for  the  others. 
Cease-FIRING. 

§  193.  At  this  command,  the  men  will  cease  firing.  If  they 
have  fired,  they  will  load  their  pieces  and  bring  them  to  a 
shoulder;  if  at  the  position  oi  ready,  they  will  half-cock 
and  shoulder  arms.  If  in  the  position  of  aim,  they  will 
bring  down  their  pieces,  half-cock,  and  shoulder  arms. 
To  fire  by  rank. 

§  194.  The  fire  by  rank  will  be  executed  by  each  entire 
rank,  alternately. 

The  instructor  will  command  : 

1,  Fire  by  rank.     2.  Squad.     3.  READY.    4.  Rear 
rank.    5.  AIM.    6.  FIRE.    7.  luOXDi 


THE    SQUAD.  37 

§  195  At  the  third  command  both  ranks  will  take  the 
position  of  ready. 

§.19G.  At  the  seventh  command,  the  rear  rank  will  load 
and  come  to  the  position  of  rertdy.  When  several  men 
in  the  rear  rank  have  taken  this  position,  the  instructor 
will  command  : 

1.  Front   rauk.     2.  AIM.     3.  FIRE.     4.  I.OAD. 

^  197.  xVt  these  commands,  the  men  in  the  front  rank 
will  execute  what  has  ]>een  prescribed  for  the  rear  rank. 

§  198,  The  instructor  will  thus  continue  to  alternate 
from  rank  to  rank.  At  the  command  cease  firing^  the 
men  will  execute  what  has  been  before  prescribed- 


PART    II. 

T  II  E     C  ()  M  P  A  N  Y  . 

Formation   of  the   Company.  " 

^  199.  The  company  being  assembled  on  its  ground, 
the  sergeants,  by  the  command  full  in,  cause  the  rank 
and  file,  (corporals  and  privates)  to  form  in  one  rank, 
faced  to  the  right,  the  first  corporal  on  the  right  (or 
head  of  the  lank)  the  tallest  man  next,  the  next  tallest 
next,  and  so  on  to  the  left,  or  rear  of- the  rank. 

The  first  sergeant  will  then  command  : 
FRONT. 

^  200.  At  this  command,  the  company  will  face  to 
the  front." 

The  first  sergeant  will  then  command  : 
1.  In  two  ranks,   form    Company.     2.    Company 
right-FACE.     3.  MARCH. 

^  201.  At  the  second  command,  the  company  will 
face  to  the  riglit ;  the  man  on  the  right  will  remain 
faced  to  the  front. 

I  202.  At  the  command  marcli,  the  men  wdio  have 
faced  to  the  right,  will  step  off  and  form  files  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner:  the  second  man  in  the  rank  will  place 
himself  behind  the  first  to  form  the  first  file  ;  the  third 
will  place  himself  by  the  side  of  the  first  in  the  front 
rank;  the  fourth  behind  the  third  in  the  rear  rank.  All 
the  others  will,  in  like  manner,  place  themselves,  alter- 
nately, in  the  front  and  rear  rank,  and  will  thus  form 
files  of  two  men,  on  the  left  of  those  already  formed. 

The  first  sergeant  will  then  command: 

In  each  rank— Count  TWOS. 

§  203.  At  this  command,  the  men  count  in  eal^h  rank 
from  right  to  left,  pronouncing  in   a  loud  and  distinct 

*  If  the  roll  of  the  company  is  called,  each  man,  as  he  an- 
swers to  his  name,  Avill  bring  his  piece  to  the  position  of  order 
armr,  and  the  sergeant,  after  tho  loll  is  called  through,  will 
command  shoulder  arms. 


THE    COMPANY.  39 

voice,  in  the  same  tone,  without  liuny,  and  without 
turning  the  head,  one,  two,  according  to' the  lojace  which 
each  one  occupies. 

§  20-I-.  He  will  then  divide  the  conii)anv  ^o  two 
equal  platoons,  andelbh  phitoon  into  two  equal^ctions, 
place  the  corporals  in  position  in  tlie  front  rank,  on  the 
right  and  left  of  platoons,  and  report  to  the  captain  the 
formation  of  tlie  company. 

The  officers  and  sergeants  will  now  take  th^ir  posts  as 
follows: 

I  205.  The  captain  in  the  front  rank  on  the  right  of 
the  company,  touching  with  the  left  elbow. ''^ 

^  20(3.  The  Jilst  llenlenant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  centre  of  the  fourth  section. 

^  207.  The  second  lieutenant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  centre  of  tlie  first  platoon. 

I  208.  The  third  lieutenant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  cenire  of  the  second  platoon. 

I  209.  The  Jirst  sergeant,  in  the  rear  rank  and  cover- 
ing the  captain.  He  is  denominated  covering  sergeant, 
or  right  guide  of  the  company. 

I  210.  The  second  sergeant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  second  file  from  the  left  of  the  companv. 

He  is  designated  as  left  guide  of  the  company. 

§  211.  The  third  sergeant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  second  file  nom  the  right  of  the  second 
platoon. 

§  212.  The  fourth  sergeant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  second  file  from  the  left  of  the  first  platoon. 

^  -iVd.ThQffth  sergeant,  U\o  pacts  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  second  file  from  the  right  of  the  first  platoon, 

§  214.  Absent  officers  and  sergeants  will  be  re-placed 
— officers  by  sergeanis,  and  sergeants  by  corporals. 

§  21o.  The  ofiicers  and  sergeants  thus  posted  in  rear  of 
the  company,  constitute  the  rank  of  closers.  This  rank  is 
two  paces  in  rear  of  the  rear  rank. 

§  216.  Tlie  pioneer  is  posted  in  the  line  of  file  closers 
on  the  right;  and  the  music  in  aline  with  the  front  rank, 

*  When  the  captain  acts  as  instructor  or  in  independent 
command  of  the  company,  the  first  lieutenant  takes  his  post, 
and  Lis  post  in  turn  is  tilled  by  the  second  lieutenant,  and  so  oa. 


40  THE    COMPANY. 

four  pnces  on  its  right,  the  drum  on  the  right    of  the  fifer, 
or  bugler^. 

To  open  ranks. 

The^nipany  being  at  ordered  ;u'ms,  the  ranks  and  file 
closers  well  aligned,  to  open  ranks,  the  instructor  will 
command : 

1.   Attention.      2.  Company.      3.   Shoulder-ARMS.     4. 
Prepare  to  open  ranks.    5.  To  the  rear  open  order- 
§  217.  At  the  fourth  command, -the  left  guide  will  place 
himself  on  the  loft  of  the  front  I'ank. 

§  218.  .^t  the  fifth  conmiarid,  the  covering  sergeant 
and  the  left  guide  will  step  off  smartly  to  the  rea?-,  four 
paces  from  the  front  rank,  in  order  to  mark  the  alicrnmcnt 
of  the  rear  i-ank.  The  instinclor  having  aligned  these  two 
guides  on  a  line  parallel  tu  ihe  front  rank,  will  then  com- 
mand : 

6,  MARCH, 
§  219.  At  this  command,  the  front  rank  w\\\  stand  -fjist. 
The  rear  rank  will  step  to  the  rear  without  counting  the 
steps,  and  will  place  itself  on  the    alignment    marked  out 
for  it.     It  will  then  be  aligned    on  the    left    guide  by  the 
covering  sergeant.     The  file    closers  will    step    off  at  the 
same  time  with  tlie  rear  rank    and  place    themselves  two 
paces  in  the  rear  of  it  when  it  is  aligned.     The  instructor 
seeing  the  ranks  aligned,  will  command  : 
7,  FRONT. 
§  220.  At  this  comma^ul,  the  left    guide  will    return  to 
his  place  as  a  tile  closer. 

Manual   of    Arms, 
§  221.  The  ranks  being  open,  the  instructor    will  place 
himself  in  a  position  to  see  the  raidcs,  and    will  command 
the  !nanu;d  of  arms  in  the  f)llovving  order  : 
Present  Arms,  Sliouliler  Arms. 

Order  Arms,  Shoulder  Arms. 

.Support  Arms,  Carry  Arms. 

IJnlix  Bayonet,  Sliouhler  Arms. 

Secure  Arms,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Fix  Bayonet,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Charge  Bayonet,  Slioulder  Arms. 

Trail  Arms,  Shoulder  Arms, 

lioad  in  teh  times. 


THE    COMPANY.  41 

To  close  ranks  the  instructor  will  command  : 
1,  Close  oi'der.    %.  MARCH* 

§  222.  At  the  command  march.,  the  rear  rank  will  close 
up  in  quick  time,  each  man  covering  his  tile  leader. 

§  223,  The  company  may  be  exercised  in  the  manual 
•ofarms^  hadimyitifwur  times,  loading  at  will,Jiring  hy 
Jile,jiri)ig  hy  rank,  and  direct  and  oblique  Jiring  by  com- 
pany., as  prescribed  in  the  squal  drill,  the  instructor  sub- 
stituting company  for  sqnad  wherever  it  occurs. 

4?  224.  At  the  preparatory  command  in  firing,  the 
captain  will  promptly  place  himself  opposite  the  centre  of 
his  I'ompany,  ai\d  four  pa-ces  in  rear  of  the  line  of  file 
-closers;;  the  covering  sergeant  will  retire  to  that  line,  and 
|)lacc  himself  oppGsile  t-o  his  interval.  This  rale  isgen^ 
ernl,  for  both  the  captain  and  cooering  sergeant,  in  all 
the  different  Jkuigs. 

To  Fire  ty  the   rearrauk. 

1.  Face  \y  the  rear  rank.     2.  Compaay. 
3.    ABOUT-FACE. 

f  225..  At  tlie  first  commx.nd,  the  captain  will  step  out 
and  place  himself  near  to,  and  facing  the  right  file  of  "his 
company  ;  the  covering  sergeant,  and  fik  clo&e;,  will  pass 
quickly  through  the  captain's  interval,  and  place  them- 
55elves  faced  to  the  rear,  the  covering  sergeant  a  pace  be- 
iiind  the  captain,  and  the  file  closers  two  paces  from  the 
front  rank,  opposite  to  their  places  in  line,  each  passing 
behind  the  covering  sergeant. 

•§  22G.  At  third  cbrsmand,  which  will  be  given  at  the 
'instant  the  last  nle  closer  shall  h8,ve  passed  through  the 
interval,  the  company  will  face  about;  the  captain  will 
Y)laee  himself  in  his  interval  in  the  rear  rank,  n<j\v  become 
the  front,  and  the  covering  scrgeaut  will  cover  him  in  the 
ffroat  rauk,  now  betunie  the  rear. 

f  227.  Faced 'l)y  the  rear  rank,  the  different  firings  wiM 
^)e  executed  in  the  manner  already  prescribed.  The  fire 
liy  file  will  commence  on  the  left  of  the  company,  now 
become  the  right ;  and  in  the  fire  by  rank,  the  firing  wili 
eeaimeuije  with  the  frout  rank,  now  becoiue  tke  r^eaju 


4:2  THE    COMPANY. 

To  resume  tlic  proper  front,  the  instructor  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  Face  by  the  ft*out  rank.    2.  Company.     3.  A150UT- 
FACE. 

§  228.  At  the  first  command,  the  cayitain,  coveriufr  ser- 
geant and  fiUi  closei'S,  will  conform  to  what  is  prescribed 
in  §§225  and  22G.  At  the  thinC  command  the  company 
having  faced  abov\t,  the  captain  and  covering  sergeant  will 
resume  their  places  in  line. 

To  advance  in  line  of  battle. 
§  220  The  company  being  in  line  and  orreetly  aligned, 
to  march  it  by  the  front,  the  instructor  will  cause  a  ser- 
geant to  take  position  six  paces  in  advance  of  the  captain. 
This  advanced  sergeant,  Avhois  charged  with  the  direction, 
will  take  two  points  on  the  ground  in  the  straight  line  to 
the  front  to  direct  his  course. 

The  ins-tructor  will  then  command 

1.  Company,    forward.     3.  MARCH. 

§23.0.  At  the  command  mrtrcA,  the  com]>any  will  step 
off  with  life.  The  directing  sergeant  will  observe,  with  the 
greatest  precision,  the  length  and  cadence  of  the  step, 
marching  on  the  two  points  he  has  chos-en  ;  he  will  take  in 
succession,  and  a  little  before  arriving  at  the  paints  nearest 
to  him,  new  points  in  advance,  exactfy  in  the  same  line 
with  the  first  two,  and  at  the  distance  of  some  fifteen  or 
twenty  paces  from  each  other.  The  captain  will  march 
steadily  in  the  ti'aces  of  the  diroK^tiug  sergeant,  keeping 
always  six  paces  from  him.  The  menAvill  march  with  the 
iead  direct  to  the  front,  touch  lightly  the  elbow  towards 
the  captain,  and  resist  pressure  coming  from  the  opposite 
side.  The  file  closers  will  march  at  the  habitu.al  distance 
of  two  paces  behind  the  rear  rank. 

If  the  men  lose  the  step.,  the  instructor  will  command: 
To  the-STEP. 

§  231.  At  this  the  men  will  glance  towards  the  directing 
sergeant,  retake  the  step  fraiii  hiio,  and  again  direct  tkeir 
eyes  to  the  front. 

The  instructor,  wishing  to  halt  the  company,  will 
command : 

1.  Company.    ^.  IIAI»T« 


THE   COMPANY.  43 

§  232.  At  the  second  command,  the  company  will 
halt.  The  directing  sergeant  will  remain  in  advance, 
unless  ordered  to  return  to  the  line  ot'file  closers.  The  cap- 
tain Avill  then  rectify  the  aligment,  by  the  commands  and 
according  to  the  principles  prescribed,  §  23. 
To  inarch  in  retreat. 

§  233.  The  company  being  halted  and  correctly  aligned, 
to  cause  it  to  march  in  retreat,  the  instructor  Avill  place  the 
directing  sergeant  six  paces  in  rear  of  the  line  of  file  clos- 
ers and  in  the  same  straight  line  with  the  covering  ser- 
geants, and  will  then  command  : 

1.  Company.     2.  ABOUT-FACE. 

The  company  and  directing  ollicer  having  faced  to  the 
rear,  the  instructor  will  command: 

3.  Company,  forward. 

^  231.  At  this  command,  the  covering  sergeant  will  step 
into  the  Yuw  of  hie  closers,  opposite  to  his  interval,  and 
the  captain  will  place  himself  in  the  rear  rank,  now  become 
the  front. 

This  being  done,  the  instructor  will  command: 
4.  MARCH. 

§  235.  At  this,  the  directing  sergeant,  the  captain  and 
the  men,  Avill  conform  themselves  to  what  is  prescribed, 
§  230. 

To  halt  the  company  and  foce  it  to  the  front,  the  in- 
structor will  command: 

1.  Company,  halt.     2.  ABOUT-FACE. 

§  236.  As  soon  as  the  company  is  faced  to  the  front, 
the  captain,  covering  sergeant,  and  directing  sergeant, 
will  resume  their  places  in  line. 

Ohliqiie  march  in  line  of  hattle. 

The  company  being  in  the  direct  march,  either  advanc- 
ing or  retiring  in  line,  to  cause  it  to  march  obliquely,  the 
instructor  will  command: 

1.  Ri^ht  (or  left)  oblique.     2.  MARCH* 

§  237.  At  the  command  inarch,  the  company  will  take 
the  obliqe  step,  and  execute  the  movement  as  prescribed, 
§2T. 


44  THE   COMPANY. 

§  238.  Ill  tlie  obliqe  march  the  men  not  having  the 
touch  of  elbows,  the  guide  will  always  be  on  the  side 
towards  which  the  oblique  is  made,  without  any  indication 
to  that  effect  being  given,  and  when  the  direct  march  is 
resumed,  the  guide  will  be,  equally  without  indication,  on 
the  side  where  it  ivas  previous  to  the  oblique. 

To  resume  the  direct  march,  the  instructor  will  com- 
mand: 

1.  Forward.    2.  MARCH. 

§  239.  At  the  command  march  the  company  will  take  the 
direct  step. 

§  240.  The  company  should  now  be  caused  to  execute 
the  folllowing  commands  according  to  the  principles  pre- 
scribed in  the  squad  drilh 

1.  Mark  time.  3.  MARCH. 

1.  Forward.  2.  MARCH. 

1,  Common  time.  2.  3IARCH. 

1.  Double  quick.  2.  MARCH. 

1.  auick  time.  2.  MARCH. 

1.  Change  step.  2.  MARCH. 

1.  Right  ahout.  2.  MARCH. 

1.  Right  ahout.  2.  HVtT. 

^  241.  The  company  Avhen  marching  in  double  quick 
time  should  be  caused  to  bring  their  pieces  to  right  shoul- 
der shift  arms,  and  the  distance  between  the  ranks  should 
foe  twenty-sir  inches.  When  the  pieces  are  carried  on  the 
right  shoulder,  in  quick  time,  the  distance  between  the 
ranks  should  be  sixteen  inches. 

§  242.  Whenever  the  company  is  halted,  the  men  will 
bring  their  pieces  at  once  to  a  shoulder  at  the  command, 
halt  ;  and  the  rear  rank  will  close  to  its  proper  distance 
of  thirteen  inches. 

'Tkese  rules  are  general. 

To  marcli  ty  the  right  flank. 

The  company  being  in  line,  at  a  halt,  and  each  rank 
having  counted  off  by  twos,  the  instructor  will  command: 

I,  Company,  right-FACE.    2.  Forward-MARCH. 


THE    COMPANY.  45 

§  243.  At  the  first  command,  the  company  will  Aice 
to  tlie  ri;^ht,  the  covering  sergeant  will  place  hinjselfat 
the  head  of  the  front  rank,  the  captain  having  stepped 
out  for  the  purpose,  so  far  as  to  find  himself  by  the  side 
of  the  sergeant,  and  on  his  left:  the  front  rank  will 
double  as  is  prescribed,  §  39  :  the  rear  rank  will,  at  the 
same  time,  sidestep  to  the  right  one  pace,  and  double 
in  the  same  manner,  so  that  when  the  movement  is  com- 
pleted, the  files  will  be  formed  of  lour  men  aligned,  and 
elbow  to  elbow.  The  intervals  will  be  preserved.  The 
file  closers  will  also  move  by  side  step  to  the  right,  so 
that  when  the  ranks  are  formed,  they  will  be  two  paces 
from  the  remotest  rank. 

^  244.  At  the  command  march,  the  company  will 
move  off*  briskly  in  quick  time  ;  the  covering  sergeant  at 
the  head  of  the  front  rank,  and  the  captain  on  his  left, 
will  marcli  straight  forward.  The  men  of  each  file  will 
march  abreast  of  their  repective  front  rank  men,  heads 
direct  to  the  front ;  the  file  closers  will  march  opposite 
to  their  places  in  line  of  battle. 

To  cause  the  march  by  the  left  flank,  the  company  be- 
ing in  line  and  at  a  halt,  the  command  is  : 

1.   Company,  left-FACE.     2.  Forward-MARCH. 

§  245.  At  the  first  command,  the  company  will  face 
to  the  left ;  the  ranks  will  double  as  prescribed,  §  41  ;^ 
the  rear  rank  w-ill  side  step  to  the  left  one  pace  before 
doubling.  The  left  guide  will  place  himself  at  the  head 
of  the  front  rank  :  the  captain  will  pass  rapidly  to  the 
left,  and  place  himself  by  the  right  side  of  this  guide: 
the  covering  sergeant  will  replace  the  captain  in  the  front 
rank,  the  moment  the  latter  quits  it  to  go  to  the  left. 
At  the  command  wrt^c/i,  the  company  w'ill  move  otJ'in 
quick  time. 

To  halt  the  company  marcliing  by  the  flank  to  lace  it 
to  the  front,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

I.  Company.     2    HAI.T.    3.  FRONT, 


*  iitiiu  i!i5.Lriujtor  wish  tbu  oouipaiiy  to  face  to  the  ri>j:Lit  i>r 
lett,  without  doiihling  files,  he  must  caution  them  to  that'effect. 
The  abovB  commands  might  be  varied  thus  ;  Company,  two 
ranks,  nght  (ovleft)-vxc^. 


46  THE    COMPANY. 

§  24G.  Tlie  second  and  third  commands  will  be  exe- 
cuted as  proscribed,  §§  42  and  43.  As  soon  as  the  files 
have  undoubled,  the  rear  rank  will  close  to  its  proper 
distance.  The^captain  and  covering  seigcant,  as  well  as 
the  left  guide,  if  the  march  be  by  the  left  flank,  will  re- 
turn to  their  habitual  places  in  line  at  the  instant  the 
company  faces  to  the  front.  The  captain  will  rectify  the 
alignment. 

The  company  being  faced  by  flank  and  either  in 
maich,  or  at  a  halt,  to  cause  it  to  change  direction  by  file, 
the  instructor  will  command  : 

1,  By  file  left  (or  right).    2.  MARCH. 

§  247.  At  the  command  march,  the  first  file  will 
wheel  ;ifto  the  side  of  the  front  rank  man,  the  latter  will 
take  care  not  to  turn  at  once,  but  to  describe  a  short  arc 
of  a  circle,  shorter.ing  a  little  the  first  five  or  six  steps, 
in  order  to  give  time  to  the  fourth  man  ofthisfileto  con- 
form himself  to  the  movement.  If  to  the  side  of  the 
rear  rank,  the  front  rnnk  man  will  wdieelin  the  step  of 
twenty-eight  inches,  and  the  fourth  man  will  conform 
himself  to  the  movement  by  descril)ing  the  short  arc  of 
a  circle  as  has  been  explained.  Each  file  will  come  to 
wheel  on  the  same  ground  where  that  which  preceded  it 
Avheeled. 

The  company  being  in  march  by  the  right  flank  to 
form  it  on  theVight  by  file  into  line  of  battle,  the  in- 
structor will  command: 

1.  On  the  right,  by  file  into  line.    2.  MARCH. 

?  248.  At  the  command  march,  the  rear  rank  men, 
doubled,  will  mark  time;  the  captain  and  the  covering 
sergeant  will  turn  to  the  right,  march  straight  forward, 
and  be  halted  by  the  instructor  when  they  shall  have 
passed  at  least  six  paces  beyond  the  rank  of  file  closers;^ 
the  captain  will  place  himself  correctly  on  the  line  of 
battle,  and  will  du-ect  the  alignment,  as  the  men  of  the 
front  rank  successively  arrive;  the  covering  sergeant 
will  place  hnnself  behind  the  captain  at  the  distance  of 
the  rear  rank.  Thetw'o  men  on  the  right  of  the  _  front 
rank  doubled,  will  contnuie  to  march,  and  passing  be- 
yond the  covering  sergeant  and  the  cap(>ain,    will    turn 


THE    COMPAJs^Y.  47 

to  the  riglit;  after  turning,  they  will  continue  to  march 
elbow  to  elbow,  and  direct  themselves  towards  the  line 
of  battle,  but  when  they  shall  arrive  at  two  paces  from 
this  line,  the  even  number  will  shorten  the  step  so  that 
the  odd  number  may  j)recede  him  on  tlie  line,  the  odd 
number  placing  himself  by  the  side  and  on  the  left  of 
the  captain ;  the  even  number  will  afterwards  oblique 
to  the  left,  aud  place  himself  on  the  left  of  the  odd 
number.  The  next  two  men  of  the  front  rank  doubled, 
will  pass  in  the  same  manner  behind  the  two  first,  turn 
then  to  the  right  and  place  themselves,  according  to 
the  means  just  explained,  to  the  left,  and  by  the  side 
of,  the  two  men  already  established  on  the  line;  the 
remaining  files  of  this  rank  will  follow  in  succession 
and  be  formed  to  the  left  in  the  same  manner.  The 
rear  rank  doubled  will  execute  the  movement  in  the 
manner  already  explained  for  the  front  rank,  taking 
care  to  mark  time  imtil  four  men  of  the  front  rank  are 
established  on  the  line  of  battle,  and  as  they  arrive  on 
the  line,  to  cover  accurately  their  file  leaders. 

Jf  the  company  be  marching  by  the  left  flank,  to 
cause  it  to  form  by  tile  on  the  lelt  into  line  of  battle, 
the  command  is : 

1.  Ou  the  left,  by  file  into  line.    2.  MARCH. 

§  249.  xVt  the  command  march,  the  same  movements 
will  be  made  to  the  left  ;  the  files  coming  into  line  on 
the  right  of  the  captain,  and  left  guide,  and  the  odd 
numbers  shortening  the  step,  so  that  the  even  numbers 
may  precede  them  on  the  line.  The  captain  and  left 
guide  will  return  to  their  places  m  line  of  battle  as  soon 
as  the  company  is  formed  and  aligned. 

If  the  company  be  marching  by  the  right  flank,  and 
the  instructor  should  wish  to  undouble  the  files,  he  will 
command  : 

1.  In  two  ranks,  undouble  files.  2,  MARCH. 
§  250.  At  the  command  march,  the  odd  numbers  will 
continue  to  march  straight  forward,  the  even  numbers 
will  shorten  the  step,  and  obliquing  to  the  left  will  place 
themselves  promptly  behind  the  odd  numbers;  the 
rear  rank  men  will  gain  a  step  to  the  left,  and  re-take 
the  touch  of  dbows. 


4S  THE    COMPANT. 

§  251.  If  the  company  be  marcliing  by  the  left  flank, 
it  will  be  the  even  numbers  wlio  will  contin\ie  to  march 
forward,  and  the  ojld  numbers  who  will  undoable. 

Tocause  til e  files   to   be   doubled,  the    command    is: 
1.  In  four  ranks,  double  files.    2.  31ARCH. 

§  252.  At  the  command  march,  the  files  will  double 
in  the  manner  as  explained,  when  the  •company  faces 
by  the  right  or  left  flank. 

Posts  of  Officers  in  Column. 

§  253.  In  eolum  ly  company,  the  captain  is  two  paces 
in  front  of  the  centre  of  his  company  ;  the  first  ser- 
geant on  the  light  of  the  front  rank,  and  is  the  right 
guide  of  the  company  ;  the  second  sergeant  on  the  left 
of  the  front  rank,  and  is  the  left  guide  of  the  company. 

§  254.  In  column  hy  2)lntoo)v,  the  captain  commands 
the  first  platoon,  the  first  lieutenant  the  second  platoon  : 
each  two  paces  in  front  of  the  centre  of  his  platoon  ;  the 
first  sergeant  is  the  guide  of  the  first  platoon  :  tiie  second 
sergeant  is  they  guide  of  the  second  platoon;  they  will  be 
unless  otherwise  ordered,  on  the  left  of  the  front  rank  of 
their  respective  platoon,  if  the  column  to  be  right  in 
front,  and  on  the  right,  if  the  left  be  in  front-  In  the 
route  step,  the  chiefs  of  platoons  take  the  place  of  the 
guides  on  the  directing  flank, and  are  covered  by  the  latter 
in  the  rear  rank. 

§  255.  In  column  hy  section,  the  captain  commands 
the  first  section  :  the  first  lieutenant  the  third  ;  the  se- 
cond lieutenant  the  second  ;  and  the  third  lieutenant  the 
fourth  section  ;  each  two  paces  in  front  of  the  centre  of 
his  section  :  the  first  sergeant  is  tlie  guide  of  the  first 
eection,  the  second  sergeant  is  the  guide  of  the  fourth  ; 
the  third  sergeant  is  guide  of  the  thn-d;  and  the  fourth 
sergeant  is  guide  of  the  second  section  ;  each  on  the  left 
of  the  front  rank  of  his  section,  if  the  column  be  right 
in  front,  and  on  the  right,  if  the  left  be  in  front.  In  the 
route  stej>, the  chiefs  of  sections  take  the  place  at  the  guides 
on  the  directing  flank,  and  are  covered  by  the  latter  in 
the  rear   rank. 

§  256.  In  column  ^y  company,  platoon  or  section,  the 
file  closers,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  are  in  their  jprg] 


THE    COMPANY.  49 

per  places  behind  the  rear  rank  of  their  respective  sub- 
divisions. 

Movcmeuts   in  Column. 

Tlie  company  being  in  march  by  the  right  flank*  the 
instructor,  wishing  to  form  it  into  line,  as  a  subdivisicHi 
of  column,  will  command: 

1,     By  company,  into  line.     2.  MARCH. 

§  257.  At  the  command  marcli,  the  covering  sergeant 
will  continue  to  march  straight  ibrward  ;  the  men  will 
advance  the  right  shoulder,  take  the  double  quick  step, 
and  move  into  line,  by  the  shortest  route,  taking  care 
to  undouble  the  files,  and  come  on  the  line  one  after  an- 
other. As  the  front  rnnk  men  successively  arrive*  in 
line  with  the  covering  sergeant,  they  will  take  the 
step  from  him,  and  then  turn  their  eyes  to  the  front. — 
The  rear  rank  will  conform  to  the  movements  of  their 
respective  file  leaders.  The  captain,  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pany is  formed  will  command  guide  left,  place  himself 
before  the  centre,  face  to  the  front  and  take  the  step  of 
the  company.  At  the  command  guide  left,  the  second 
sergeant  will  promptly  place  himself  in  the  front  rank, 
on  the  left,  to  serve  as  guide. 

I  258.  The  company  being  in  march  by  the  left  flank, 
this  movement  will  be  executed  by  the  same  commands, 
and  according  to  the  same  principles;  the  company  being 
formed,  the  captain  will  command  guide  right ;  the 
covering  sergeant  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank  will 
serve  as  guide,  and  the  second  sergeant,  placed  on  the 
left  flank,  will  remaim  there. 

The  company  marching  by  the  flank,  the  instructor 
•will  cause  it  to  form  platoons  by  the  command  : 
1.  By  platoon,  into  line.  2.  MARCH. 
§  259.  This  movement  will  be  executed  by  each  pla- 
toon according  to  the  above  principles.  BoUi  the  cap- 
tain and  lieutenant,  at  the  instant  their  respective  pla- 
toons are  formed,  \Vill  command  guide  left,  (or  right): 
when  the  guide  of  each  platoon  will  pass  rapidly  to  the 
indicated  flank  of  the  platoon,    if  not  already  there. 

^  If  the  instructor  wish  to  exercise  the  company  in  pas- 
ting from  the  march  by  the  front  to  the  march  by  the 


OO  THE    COMrAXy. 

flank,  or  from  the  march  by  tlie  flank  to  the  march  by 
the  'ront,  in  either  case,  he  will  employ  the  command  : 
1.  Company  by  the  right  (or  left)  flank,  2.  MARCH. 

§^G0.  The  conipnn3Mvill  face  to  the  I'ight  or  left,  in 
marching,  in  the  manner  prescribed  §  45,  and  the  captain, 
the  guides  and  file  closers,  will  conform  themselves  to 
what  is  prescribed  for  each  in  the  march  by  the  flank,  or 
in  the  march  by  the  front  of  a  company  supposed  to  be  a 
subdivision  of  a  column.  If,  csfter  facin'g  to  the  right  or 
left  in  marching,  the  company  And  itself  faced  by  the  rear 
rank,  the  captain  will  place  himself  two  paces  behind  the 
centre  of  the  front  rank,  now  in  the  rear,  the  guides  will 
pass  to  the  rear  rank,  now  leading,  and  the  file  closers  will 
march  in  front  of  this  rank. 

If  the  compan}''  be  marching  in  column  by  platoon,  the 
right  in  front,  and  the  instructor  should  wish  it  to  march 
by  the  flank  in  the  same  direction,  he  will  command : 

1.   Column,  by  the   right  flank.    2.  By  tile  left. 
3.  MARCH. 

§  261.  At  the  second  command,  each  chief  of  platoon 
and  its  guide  wifl  pass  rapidly  to  the  right  flank  to  con- 
duct it.  At  the  command  march,  each  platoon  will  face 
to  the  right  in  marching,  wheel  by  file  to  the  left  and  then 
march  straight  forward  ;  the  leadmg  file  of  the  second 
platoon  will  unite  wnth  the  rear  file  of  the  firs!  ;  the  chief 
and  guide  of  the  second,  a  pace  befoie  the  union,  will  pass 
through  the  interval  to  their  phu-es  as  file  closers. 

§  262.  With  the  left  in  front,  the  movement  will  be  ex- 
ecuted by  inverse  means,  substituting  in  the  command 
left  for  right,  and  riglit  for  left.  The  captain,  (if  a  halt 
be  not  immediately  commanded,)  will  replace  the  first 
lieutenant  and  conduct  the  left  flank,  and  the  covering 
sergeant  will  return  to  his  place  on  the  right  flank,  now 
the  rear. 

The  company  being  at  a  halt  in  line  ^f  battle,  the  in- 
structor, wishing  it  to  break  into  column,  by  platoon  to 
the  right,  will  command  : 

1.  By  platoon,  right-wheel.  2.  MaRCH. 

§  263.  At  the  first  command  the  chiefs  of  platoon  will 


THE   COMPANY.  63 

At  this,  the  platoon  will  wheel  to  the  left.  The  wheel 
being  nearlj  finished,  the  chief  of  the  platoon  will  com- 
mand : 

3.  Forward. 

And  when  completely  iinished,  he  will  command  : 
4.  MARCH. 

At  which  the  platoon  will  march  straight  forward  in 
the  new  direction ;    when   the  chief  will    immediately 

command  : 

5.  Guide-LEFT. 

At  this,  the  guide  will  shift  to  the  left,  passing  in  front 
of  the  platoon  and  in  rear  of  its  chief. 

§  2G*J.  The  second  platoon  will  continue  to  march 
straight  forward  till  up  with  the  marker,  when  it  will 
wheel  to  the  left,  and  retake  the  direct  march  by  the 
same  connnands  and  the  same  means  which  governed 
the  first  platoon. 

§  270.  The  column  being  in  march  right  in  front,  the 
change  of  direction  to  the  right  by  wheeling  will  be 
executed  according  to  the  same  principles  but  by  inverse 
means. 

§271.  The  changes  of  direction  in  a  column,  left  in  front, 
will  be  executed,  according  to  the  same  principles. 
To  halt  the  column,   and  to  form  to  the  right  or  left 
into  line,  either  at  a  halt  or  on  the  march. 

The  column  being  in  march,  right  in  front,  to  halt  it,  the 
instructor  Avill  command  : 

1.  Column.     2.  HAI.T. 

§  272.  At  the  second  command,  promptly  repeated  by 
the  chiefs  of  platoon,  the  column  will  halt;  the  guides  also 
will  stand  fast,  although  they  may  have  lost  both  distance 
and  direction. 

The  instructor  wishing  to  form  it  into  a  line,  will   place 

himself  at  platoon  distance  in  front    of  the  leading  guide, 

face  to  him  and  rectify,  if  necessary,    the  position   of  the 

guide  beyond:  which  being  executed,    he  will  command. 

teft-DRESS. 

§  273.  At  this  command,  which  will  not  be  repeated  by 
the  chiefs  of  platoon,  each  of  them  will  place  himself  brisk- 


54  THE   GOMPAKY. 

ly  two  paces  outside  of  liis  guide,  and  direct  the  align- 
ment of  the  platoon  perpendicularly  to  the  direction  of  the 
column.  Each  chief,  having  aligned  his  platoon,  will 
command  Front,  and  return  iiuickly  to  his  place  in  column. 
The  instructor  will  then  command  ; 

1.  I^eft  into  line,  wheel     2.  MARCH. 

§  274.  At  the  command  march,  briskly  repeated  by  the 
chiefs  of  platoon,  the  front  rank  man  on  the  left  of  each 
platoon  will  face  to  the  left,  and  place  his  breast  lightly 
against  the  arm  of  the  guide  by  his  side,  who  stands  fast; 
the  platoons  will  wheel  to  the  left  on  the  principle  of  wheels 
from  a  halt.  Each  chief  will  turn  to  his  platoon  to  o1>serve 
its  movement,  and  when  the  marching  flank  of  his  platoon 
is  three  paces  from  the  line,  he  will  command:  1.  Platoon^ 
2.  Halt.  The  chief  of  the  second  platoon  having  halted  it, 
will  immediately  return  to  his  place  as  a  file  closer,  passing 
around  the  left.  The  captain  will  then  move  rapidly  to 
the  point  at  which  the  right  of  the  company  will  rest  in 
the  line  of  battle  and  command:  JUght-DnKus.  At  this 
command  the  two  platoons  will  dress  up  on  the  alignment. 
The  company  being  aligned,  the  captain  will  command:  . 
Front;  and  the  instructor,  seeing  the  company  in  line  of 
battle  will  command : 

Guides-POSTS. 

At  this,  the  covering  sergeant  Aviil  cover  the  captain  and 
the  left  guide  will  return  to  his  place  as  a  file  closer. 

§275.  If,  the  left  be  in  front,  the  company  will  be  formed 
to  the  right  into  line,  upon  the  same  principles  and  by  in- 
verse means.  The  instructor  will  command:  \.  Right  in.' 
to  line^  is^ieel.  2.  March.  The  captain,  having  halted 
the  first  platoon,  will  go  to  the  point,  at  which  the  left  of  the 
com]jany  will  rest  in  line,  and  give  the  command:  Left' 
Dress:  seeing  both  platoons  aligned,  he  will  add  Front; 
and  at  the  command,  6't«^«:Z^s-PosTS,  given  by  the  instruc- 
'  tor,  the  captain  will  promptly  shift  to  the  right  of  the  com. 
pany. 

§270.  If  the  column  be  marching  right  in  front,  to  form 
it  into  line  without  halting  the  column,  the  instructor  will 
give  the  commands  prescribed  §  273.  At  the  command 
march,  briskly  repeated  by  the  chiefs  of  platoon,  the  left 
guides  will  halt  short,  the  instructor,  the  chiefs  of  platoon 


THE   COMPANY.  55 

and  the  platoons,  will  conform  to  what  is  prescribed,  §  274« 

§  277.  If  the  column  be  in  march  left  in  front,  this  for- 
mation will  be  made,  according  to  the  same  principles  and 
by  inverse  means. 

§  278.  If  the  column  be  marching  right  in  front,  to 
form  it  into  line  without  hnliing,  and  to  march  the  com- 
pany in  line  to  the  fiont,  the  conniiand  is  : 

1.  By  platoons,  left  wheel.     2.  MARCH. 

At  the  command  march,  briskly  repealed  by  the  chiefs 
of  platoon,  the  left  guides  will  halt:  the  man  next  to  the 
left  guide  in  each  platoon  will  mark  time  ;  the  platoons 
will  wheel  to  the  left,  conforming  to  the  principles  of  ihe 
wheel  on  a  hxed  pivot.  When  the  right  of  the  platoons 
shall  arrive  near  the  line  of  battle,  the  instructor  will 
command : 
3.  Forward.    4.  MARCH.    S,  Guide    right  (or  left.) 

At  the  fourth  command,  given  at  the  instant  the  wheel 
is  completed,  the  company  will  move  oft'  together."  the 
captain,  the  chief  of  the  second  platoon,  the  covering  ser- 
geant, and  the  left  guide  will  take  their  positions  as  in 
line  of  battle.  At  the  fifth  command,  to  be  given  im- 
mediately after  the  fourth,  the  captain  and  covering  ser- 
geant, if  not  alread}'  there,  will  move  briskly  to  the  side 
on  which  the  guide  is  designated. 

§  279.  The  same  principles  are  applicable  to  a  column 
hft  in  front. 

To  break  the  company  into  platoons, 

The  company  marciiing  right  in  front  and  supposed  to 
make  part  of  a  column,  to  cause  itto  break  by  platoon, 
the  instructor  will  conuiiand  : 

1.  Break  into  Platoons.    2.  MARCH. 

§  280.  At  the  fii-st  command,  the  captain  will  j^lacehim-  . 
self  before  the  centie  of  the  first  platoon,  and  give  the 
caution:  1.  First  platoon,  2.  Forieard  ;  the  first  lieu- 
tenant will  pass  (juickl}'  around  the  left  to  tlie  centre  of 
his  p.atoon,  and  give  the  caution  :  1.  Second  2)^atoo)i,  2. 
Mark  time.  At  the  command  march,  promptly  repeated 
by  the  captain  and  first  lieutenant,  the  first  platoon  will 
continue  to  march  straightforward  —the  covering  sergeant, 


r>G  THE    COMPANY. 

as  soon  .is  the  flank  is  disengaged,  wili  shift  to  the  left 
flank  of  this  platoon,  the  i-econd  platoon  will  begin  to 
maik  time,  and  its  chief  will  immediately  add:  ]  liiqht 
ohlique.  2  Makcil  The  hist  commund  will  be  given  so 
that  thi^ platoon  may  commence  obliquing  Ihe  instant 
the  rear  rank  of  the  first  platoon    shall  have  passed. 

The  guide  of  the  secontl  platoon  being  near  the  di  icc- 
tion  of  the  guide  of  the  first,  the  chief  of  the  second  will 
command:  1.  Foricard.,  and  add,  2.  Makcii,  the  instant 
that  the  guide  of  his  platoon  shall  cover  the  guide  o  f  the 
first. 

§  281.  .  In  a  column,  left  in  front,  the  company  will 
break  into  platoons  by  inverse  means,  applying  to  the  first 
platoon  all  that  has  been  prescribed  for  the  second,  and  re- 
ciprocally. In  this  case,  the  left  guide  of  the  company  Avill 
shift  to  the  right  flank  of  the  second  platoon,  and  the  cover- 
ing sergeant  will  remain  on  the  right  of  the  first. 
To  re-form  the  company. 

The  column,  by  platoon,  being  in  march,  right   in   front, 
to  form  comj)any,  the  instructor  will  command : 
1.  Form  Company.     3.  MARCH. 

§  282,  At  the  first  command,  the  captain  will  give  tho 
caution  :  1.  First  jjlntoon,  2.  Right  ohlique  ;  the  first 
lieutenant  will  give  the  caution  :  1,  i^eoond platoon,  2,  For- 
icard. At  the  command  march,  promptly  repeated  by  the 
captain  and  first  lieutenant,  the  first  platoon  will  oblique  to 
the  right  in  order  to  unmask  the  second — the  covering  ser- 
geant will  return  to  the  right  of  the  company — and  the  sec- 
ond will  continue  to  march  straight  fui-ward,  When  the 
first  platoon  shall  have  nearly  unmasked  the  second,  the 
captain  will  connnand  :  1,  Marh  time,  and  at  the  instant 
the  unmasking  shall  be  complete,  he  will  add  :  2,  Mahch. 
The  second  platoon  having  continued  to  march  straight  for- 
ward, when  it  shall  be  nearly  up  with  the  first,  the  captain 
will  command  :  8  Company,  4.  Forward  and  at  the 
instant  the  two  platoons  shall  unite,  add  :  5,  March  ;  the 
first  platoon  Avill  then  cease  to 'mark  time,  the  whole  com- 
pany will  march  off  togetlier,  and  the  chief  of  the  second 
platoon  Avill  pass  quickly  around  the  left  to  his  place  in  the 
rear  of  the  company. 


THE   COMPANY.  57 

§  283.  In  a  column  left  in  front,  the Svirae  movement  will 
be  executed  b^^  invei'.se  means.  The  guide  of  the  second 
|)latoon,  on  its  riglit,  will  pass  to  its  left  flank,  the  moment 
the  platoon  l>egins  to  oblirjue^  the  guide  of  the  first  remain- 
ing on  the  right  flank  of  his  pktoom 

^  284.  'J'l^ifrcojnpanr  marching   in   column    by   platoon, 
f.-ight  (or  left)  in  front,  may  be  broken  into  sections,  and  re- 
formed into  pUitoons,  according  to  the  same  principles. 
To  break  tiles  to  tlie  rear,  and  to   cause  tbeni  to  re- 
enter into  line. 

The  company  being  in  march  and  constituting  part 
of  a  column,  right  in  front,  to  cause  fil\3s  to  break  off  from, 
glie  left,  the  instructor  vill  command : 

1,  Tw«  files  from  left  to  rear.    2.  MARCH. 

§  285.  At  the  command  march,  tlie  first  two  files  on  the 
left  of  the  company  will  mark  time,  the  others  will  continue 
(o  march  straight  forward  ;  the  two  rear  rank  men  of  the 
files  will,  as  soon  as  the  rear  rank  oi  the  company  shall 
clear  them,  move  to  the  right  hy  advancing  the  outer  shoul- 
der; the  odd  number  Avill  place  himself  behind  the  third  file 
from  thit  t^ank,  the  even  number  behind  the  fourth,  passing 
for  this  purpose  behind  the  odd  number,  the  two  front  rank 
men  will,  in  like  manner,  move  to  the  right  wheii  the  rear 
rank  of  the  company  shall  clear  them,  the  odd  number  will 
place  himself  behind  the  first  file,  the  even  number  behind 
the  second  file,  passing  fov  this  purpose  Uelund  tlie  oddnuui- 
i)cr. 

§  286,  It  tl>3  instructor  should  still  wish  to  break  twd 
!nies  froui  the  same  side,  he  will  give  the  saine  order  ;  at  the 
command  march,  the  files  already  broken,  advancing  a  little 
the  outer  t>hoidder,  will  gain  the  space  of  two  files  to  the 
tight,  shortening,  at  the  same  time,  the  step,  in  order  to  make 
room  between  tbei^iselves  and  the  reai*  rank  of  the  company 
for  the  tiles  last  ordered  to  the  rear  :  the  latter  v.411  break  io. 
the  sanie  m.anjier  as  tlie  first.  The  men  who  do^ible  should 
increase  the  length  of  the  step  iu  order  to  prevent  distances 
from  being  los-t. 

If  the  files  are  broken  from  the  right,  the  command  will 
be: 

I.  Two  tiles  from  ri^Jit  to  rear.    5L  MARCH. 


^8  THE    COHPANT. 

§  287.  At  the  command  mnrcli.,  the  files  will  move  to  t'h* 
Mt,  advancing  the  outer  s-houlder,  tlie  even  number  of  the 
r«ar  ranlv  will  place  himselt  behind  the  third  file,  the  odd 
number  of  the  same  rank  bcdiind  the  fourth  ;  tlie  even  num- 
ber of  the  front  rank  behind  the  iirstfilo.  the  odd  number  of 
the  same  rarik.  behind  the  secoritl^  the  cx.ld  nuztiJaers  for  this- 
purpose  pa>^sing  behind  the  ey.on  numbers., 

§  288.,  When  the  front  of  the  coiiipan y  is  thus  diminish- 
ed by  breaking  e>ff  successive  gwups  of  tw-o  iiles.  the  new 
files  must  always  be  bfoken  ft-om  the  same  side. 

If  the  instruct(^r  wish  the  files  broken  oif  to  rG-tuiii  into» 
Ine,  he  wilt  commAnd  : 

1.  Two  tiles  into  line.    S.  MARCH. 

§  280.  At  the  command  marcli,  the  hrst  two  files  of  tho.s* 
marching  by  the  filank,  will  return  briskly  into  line,  and  the- 
othei-s  will  gain  the  space  of  two  ^les  by  advancing  the  inner- 
shoulder  towards  the  iiank  to  wdnch  they  belong... 

§  290.  On  the  same  pi-incrplas  any  n.uml)er  O'f  iile«- 
may  be  broken  off  together,  in  whic-h  ease  the  co:niand; 
will  be  ;  Four  or  isixjil&sfr^m  the  left  [or  right)  to  rear  r 
March;  and  any  aumber  of  nies  may  he  braug-lit  into 
line  at  once,  by  the  conjmand  :  FoKr  or  sirjile  iriio/hie:: 
March.  "Whenever  there  is  on  th^  right  or  left  iA'  v» 
subdivision,  a  file  which  does  aot  belc-ng  to-  a  group,  i& 
will  be  br-oken  off"  aiul' brought  into,  line  &ingly. 
The  i  olitm*  itt  Roiiteo. 

The  cempaiay  being  in  march,  and  supposed  to- consti^ 
tute  part  of  a  column,  if  the  irystructor  wish  t&  march, 
in  the  route  step,  he  will  command  : 

1.  JCoute  Step.    a.  MARCHo. 

§'291.  At  the  command  warcA,  re-peated  by  the  eapr 
tain,  the-  fro-ut  rank  will  continue  ther  step  of  twenty- 
•sight  inches,  the  rear  rank  wdll  take,  by  gradually 
shortening  the  step,  the  distance  of  twenty-eight  inch-es- 
from  thefi-ont  rank  ;  then-^en,  without  further  command, 
will  immediately  carry  their  arms  at  will,  as  indicated  in; 
§  IIG.  They  will  no  loiiger  be  required  to  march  in  the- 
eadenced  pace,  or  with  the  sam-e  foot,  or  to  remain  silent. 

§  29'2.  llie    company,  marching  in  the  route  step,  \t 
&out  nmy  be  dimmishcd  by  breaking   into  platoon.^,  o> 


THE    COMPANY.  i>i> 

sections,  "by  the  same  commaiKls,  and  hy  the  same  means, 
as  if  the  company  were  marching  in  the  cadenced  step. 
When  the  company  breaks  into  platoons,  the  chLof  of  each 
will  move  to  the  flank  of  his  platoon,  and  will  take  the 
place  of  the  guide,  who  will  step  back  into  the  rear  rank. 
As  soon  as  the  platoons  shall  be  broken,  each  chief  of  sec- 
tion will  place  himselt  on  its  directing  flank  in  the  front 
rank ;  the  guides,  who  will  be  thus  displaced,  will  fall  back 
into  the  rear  rank ;  the  tile  closers  will  close  up  to  within 
one  pace  of  this  rank.  The  moment  the  platoons  are  re- 
formed, the  chiefs  of  the  loft  sections  will  return  to  thciy 
places  as  file  closers. 

§  29-3  The  company  marching  in  the  route  step,  the 
instructor  will  cause  it  to  change  direction,  which  will  be- 
executed  without  formal  commands,  on  a  shnple  caution 
from  the  captain ;  the  rear  rank  will  come  uj)  to  change- 
direction  in  the  same  manner  as  the  front  rank.  Each  rank 
will  conform  itself,  although  in  the  route  step,  to  the  princi- 
ples prescribed  for  the  change  in  closed  ranks,  with  this- 
difference  only  ;  that,  in  wheeling,  the  pivot  man,  instead  of 
taking  steps  of  nine,  will  take  steps  of  fourteen  inches,  in 
order  to  clear  the  wheeling  point.  When  the  company 
marching  in  the  route  step  shall  halt,  the  rear  rank  will 
close  up  at  the  command  Aaft,  and  the  whole  will  shoulder 
arms. 

§  294.  The  company  marching  in  the  route  step,  to  cause 
It  to  pass  to  the  cadenced  step,  the  instructor  will  order 
pieces  to  be  brought  to  the  right  shoulder,  and  then  com- 
mand:  1.  Quick  time.  2.  March.  At  the  command  »?a?r//,. 
the  men  will  i-esume  the  cadenced  step,  and  will  close  so  as 
to  leave  a  distance  of  sixteen  inches  between  each  rank. 
The  chiefs-  and  guides  of  sub-divisions  will  resume  their 
places  in  column.'-' 


*  Sometimes  it  is  desirable  to  march  the  company  in  the 
form  of  the  column  in  route,  but  in  the  cadenced  step,  in 
which  case  the  instructor  will  comxnand :  1.  Op'^>'>  Order, 
2.  March.  At  the  command  march,  the  rear  rank  will  tike, 
by  shortening  the  step,  the  distance  of  four  paces  irorn  the 
front  rank;,  each  chief  of  the  platoon,  or  section  ^^  will  movo 


CO  THE    COMPANY. 

Countermarch. 

The  company  being  at  a  halt  and  supposed  to  be  part  of 
a  cohimn.  riirht  in  front,  to  cause  it  to  counter  -  narch,  the 
instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Countermarch.    2.  Company,  rijrhl-FACU. 
3.  By  file  left,    4.  MARCH. 

§  295.  At  the  second  command,  the  company  will  fice 
to  the  right,  the  two  guides  to  the  right  about;  the  captain 
will  goto  the  right  of  his  company',  and  cause  two  liles  to 
break  to  the  rear,  aud  then  place  himself  by  the  side  of  the 
front  rank  man  to  conduct  liim.  At  the  command  war67^, 
both  guides  will  stand  iast;  the  company  will  step  off  smartly; 
the  first  file,  conducted  by  the  captain,  will  wheel  around 
the  right  guide,  and  direct  it-^  march  along  the  front  rank 
so  as  to  arrive  behind  an]  two  paces  from  the  left  guide; 
each  file  will  come  in  succession  to  wheel  on  the  same 
ground,  around  the  right  guide;  the  leading  hie  having 
arrived  att  a  point  opposite  to  the  left  guide,  tfie  captain 
will  command : 

1.  Company.  2.  HALT   3.r  lO^fT.  1.  Right-DRESS. 

The  first  command  will  be  given  at ./biw  paces  from  the 
point  where  the  leading  file  is  to  rest.  The  company  will 
halt  at  the  second  command,  and  at  the  third  it  will  fiice  to 
the  front.  After  the  fourth  command,  the  captain  will 
step  two  paces  outside  of  the  left  guide,  now  on  the  right, 
anddirect  the  alignment,  so  that  the  front  rank  may  be  en- 
closed between  the  guides;  the  company  being  aligned,  he 
will  command  Fhont  ,  and  place  himself  before  the  centre 
of  the  company  as  if  in  column;  the  guides,  passing  along 
the  front  rank,  will  shift  to  their  proper  places,  on  the  right 
and  left  of  that  rank, 

§  29G.  In  a  column  by  platoon  (or  section,)  the  comi- 
termarcb  will  be  executcid  by  the  same  commands,  and  ac- 
cording to  the  same  principles;  the  guide  of  each  platoon 

to  the  flank  of  his  subdivision,  and  take  the  place  of  the 
guide,  who  will  step  back  to  the  rear  rank,  as  in  the  route 
step.  At  the  commands:  1.  Close  Order.  2,  March;  the 
rear  rank  will  close  up  and  the  chiefs  and  guides  of  subdivis- 
ions will  resume  their  places  in  column. 


THE    COMPANY.  61 

(or  seeticn)  will  fiice  about,  and  its  chief  will  place  himself 
by  the  side  of  the  file  on  the  right,  to  conduct  it. 

§  297.  In  a  column  left  in  IVout,  the  conunand  will  be 
executed  byinA'crs^o  commands  and  means,  but  according  to 
the  same  principles.  Thus,  the  movement  will  be  made 
by  the  right  Hank  of  subdivisions,  if  the  right  be  in  front, 
and  by  tlic  left  flank,  if  the  left  be  in  front ;  in  both  cases 
the  subdivisious  will  wheel  by  file  to  the  side  of  the  front 
rank. 

The  column  being  in  march,  to  form  on  the  right  (or 
tl3ft)^lnto  line  ol  battle. 

The  column  by  platoon,  right  in  front,  being  in  march, 
to  form  it  on  the  right  into  line  of  battle,  the  instructor 
will  conmiand  : 

1.  On  the  risjhtlnto  line.    2.  Guide-right. ' 

§  298.  At  the  second  command,  the  guide  of  each 
platoon  will  shift  quickly  to  its  right  flank ;  the  column 
will  continue  to  march  straight  forward  ;  tlie  instructor 
will  move  briskly  (or  send  a  marker)  to  the  point  at 
which  the  right  of  the  company  ought  to  rest  in  line,  and 
place  himself  facing  the  point  of  direction  to  the  left  which  he 
will  choose.  The  head  of  the  c<,)lumn  being  nearly  opposite 
to  the  instructor,  the  chief  of  the  first  platoon  will  command : 
1.  Right  turn  ;  and  when  exactly  opposite  to  that  point, 
he  will  add  :  March.  At  this  command,  the  first  platoon  will 
turn  to  the  right  in  conformity  to  the  principles  prescribed, 
§  G6  ;  its  guide  will  so  direct  his  march  as  to  bring  the  front 
rank  man,  next  on  his  left,  opposite  to  the  instructor ;  the 
chief  of  the  platoon  will  marcli  before  its  centre,  and  when 
its  guide  shall  be  near  the  fine,  he  will  command:  1. 
Platoon.  2.  Halt.  At  this  command,  which  will  be 
given  at  the  instant  the  right  of  the  platoon  shall  arrive 
at  the  distance  of  three  paces  from  the  line  of  battle,  the 
platoon  will //a ?^;  the  files  not  yet  in  line  will  come  up 
promptly.  The  guide  Avill  throAV  himself  on  the  line  of 
battle,  opposite  to  one  of  the  three  left  files  of  his  platoon, 
and  face  to  the  instructor,  who  will  align  him  on  the  point 
of  direction  to  the  left.  The  chief  of  platoon  will,  as  soon 
as  he  sees  all  the  files  of  the  platoon  in  line,  command  : — 


62  THE   COMPANY. 

§  299.  The  second  platoon  will  continue  to  march 
straight  forward,  until  its  guide  shall  arrive  opposite  to  the 
left  file  of  the  first;  it  will  then  turn  to  the  right  at  tl:e  con  - 
mand  of  its  chief  and  inarch  towards  the  line  of  battle, 
its  guide  (lii'ecting  himself  on  the  left  file  of  first  platoon. 
The  guide  having  arrived  at  the  distance  of  three  paces, 
from  the  line  of  battle,  this  platoon  will  be  halted,  as  pre- 
scribed for  the  first ,  at  the  instant  it  halts,  it«  guide  will 
S])ring  on  the  line  of  battle,  opposite  to  one  of  the  three  left 
files  of  his  platoon,  and  will  be  assured  in  his  position  b}-  the 
instructor.  The  chief  of  tlie  second  platoon,  seeing  all  its  files 
in  line,  and  its  guide  established  on  the  direction,  will  com- 
mand; Right-Dress  ;  and  then  return  to  his  place  as  a  file 
closes,  passing  around  the  left.  The  second  platoon  liaving 
aligned  itself  on  the  first,  the  captain  will  command;  Fr.ONT. 

The  movement  ended  the  instructor  will  command ; 
Guides-POSTS. 

§  300.  At  this,  the  two  guides  will  return  to  their  places 
in  line  of  battle. 

§  301.  A  column  by  platoon,  left  in  front,  will  form  on 
the  left  into  line  of  battle,  according  to  the  same  princi- 
ples, and  by  inverse  means,  applying  to  the  second  platoon 
what  is  prescribed  for  the  first,,  and  reciprocally.  'J'lie 
chi<^'f  of  the  second  platoon  having  aligned  it  from  the  left, 
will  retire  to  his  place  as  a  file  closer.  The  captain  having 
halted  the  first  platoon  three  paces  behind  the  line  of  bat- 
tle, will  go  to  the  same  point  to  align  this  platoon,  and  then 
command:  Front.  At  the  command,  guides-posts,  given 
by  the  instructor,  the  captain  will  shift  to  his  proper  flank 
and  the  guides  take  their  places  in  the  line  of  battle. 
Formation  of  a  company  from  two  ranks  into  four, 
and  reciprocally,  at  a  halt,  and  in  march. 

The  company  being  in  two  ranks,  at  a  halt,  and  suppos- 
ed to  form  part  of  a  column  right  in  front,   the  instructor, 
wishing  to  form  it  into  four  ranks,  will  command: 
1.  InfDur  ranks,  form    company.    2   Company,  Icft- 

FACE.    3    MARCH  (or  double  qnick-MARCII.) 

§  302.  At  the  second  command,  the  left  guide  will  re- 
main faced  to  the  front,  the  company  will  face  to  the  left» 


THE   COMPANY.  63 

raid  double  files  as  prescribed,  §  41.  At  the  command 
mnrcJi.  the  first  file  of  four  men  will  re-face  to  the  front 
without  uudoubling.  xVll  the  otlicr  files  of  four  will  step 
off,  and  closing  successively  to  about  five  inches  of  the  pi-e- 
ceding  file,  will  halt,  and  hnniediately  face  to  the  front, 
the  men  remaining  doubled.  The  fide  closers  will  take  their 
places  at  two  paces  in  rear  of  the  fourth  rank. 

The  company  being  in  four  ranks,  if  the  instructor  wish 
to  form  it  into  two  ranks,  he  will  command : 
1.  In  two  ranks,  form  compain .    2,  Company  rig^ht- 
FACE.     3.  MARCH  (or  double  quick-MAliCH.) 

§  303.  At  the  second  command,  the  Icit  guide  will 
stand  fast,  the  company  will  face  to  the  right.  At  the  com- 
mand march,  the  right  guide  will  step  off  and  march  in 
the  prolongation  of  the  front  rank.  The  leading  file 
offonrmen  will  step  off  at  the  same  titne,  the  other 
files  standing  fast;  the  second  files  will  step  off  when 
there  shall  be  between  it  and  the  first  space  snfficient  to 
form  into  two  ranks.  The  tbllowing  files  will  execute 
successively  what  has  been  prescribed  for  the  second. — 
As  soon  as  the  last  file  shall  have  its  distance,  the  in- 
structor will  command  :  1.  Cowpniry.  2.  Halt.  3.  Front. 
At  the  command //'t?if,  the  company  will  face  to  the 
front,  and  the  files  will  undouble. 

The  company  being  in  two  ranks  and  marching  to  the 
front,  if  the  instructor  wish  to  form  it  into  four  ranks, 
he  will  comnuand  : 

1.   !n  four    rniiksi,    form    company.  2.    Ky    the    left 
double  files.  3.    MARCH  (or  double  quick-MARClI); 

§  304.  At  the  command  march,  tlic  left  guide  and  the 
left  file  of  the  company  will  continue  to  march  straight 
to  the  front:  the  company  will  make  a  half  face  to  the 
left,  the  odd  numbers  placing  themselves  behind  the  even 
numbers.  The  even  numbers  of  the  rear  rank  will 
shorten  their  step  to  permit  the  odd  numbers  of  the 
front  rank  to  get  between  them  and  the  even  numbers 
of  that  rank.  The  files  thus  formed  of  fours,  except  the 
left  file,  will  continue  to  march  obliquely,  lengthening 
their  steps  slightly,  so  as  to  keep  constantly  abreast  of 
the  guido ;  each  file  will  close  successively  on  the  file  next 


64  THE    COMPANY. 

on  its  left,  and  when  at  the  proper  distance  from  that 
file,  will  face  to  the  front  by  a  lialf  face  to  the  right,  and 
take  the  touch  of  elbows  to  the  left. 

The  company  being  in  march  to  the  front  in  four 
ranks,  if  the  instructor  wish  to  form  it  into  two  ranks, 
he  will  command; 

1.  In  two  ranks,  form  companj.  2.  By  the  right,  uu- 
double  files.    3.  31  ARCH  (or  double  qulck-3IARCH.) 

^  305.  At  the  command  mmxli,  the  left  guide  and  the 
left  file  of  the  company  will  continue  to  march  straight 
to  the  front,  the  company  will  make  a  half  lace  to  the 
right  and  march  obliquely,  lengthening  the  step  a  little, 
in  order  to  keep,  as  near  as  possible,  abreast  of  the  guide. 
As  soon  as  the  second  file  from  the  left  shall  have  gain- 
ed to  the  right  the  interval  necessary  for  the  left  file  to 
form  into  two  ranks,  the  second  file  will  fjxce  to  the 
front  by  a  half  face  to  the  left  and  march  straight  for- 
ward; the  left  file  will  immediately  form  into  two  ranks, 
and  take  the  touch  of  elbows  to  the  left.  Each  file  will 
execute  successively  what  has  just  been  prescribed  for 
the  file  next  to  the  left,  and  each  fde  will  form  into  two 
ranks,  when  the  file  next  on  its  right  has  obliqued  the 
required  distance  and  faced  to  the  front. 

\  30G.  If  the  company  be  supposed  to  make  part  of  a 
column,  left  in  front,  these  different  movements  will  be 
executed  according  to  the  same  principles  and  by  in- 
verse means,  substituting  the  indication  left  for  right. 


MANUAL   FOR   UIFLEMEN.  G-5 


MANUAL  OF  ARM     FOR  RIFLE3IEIV. 

Position  ol  Sho«lder-AR3IS. 

The  piece  in  the  right  baiul — the  barrel  nearly  vertical 
and  resting  in  the  h(41ow  of  the  shoulder — the  guard  to  the 
front,  the  arm  hanging  at  nearly  its  full  length  near  the 
body ;  the  thumb  and  forehnger  embracing  the  guard,  the 
remaining  fingers  closed  together,  and  grasping  the  swell  of 
the  stock  just  under  the  cock,  which  rests  on  the  little  finger. 
Present-AltMS.    [Two  mctiom.'] 

One.  With  the  right  hand  bring  the  piece  before  the  cen- 
tre of  the  body,  the  rammer  to  the  front ;  at  the  same  time 
seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  half-way  between  the 
guide  siglit  and  lower  band,  the  thumb  extended  along  the 
barrel  and  against  the  stock,  the  forearm  horizontal  and 
resting  against  the  body,  the  hand  as  high  as  the  elbow. 

Two.  Grasp  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand 
below  and  against  the  guard. 

Shoulder- Ail  MS.     [livo  motiwis.] 

One.  Bring  the  piece  to  the  right  shoulder,  at  the  same 
time  change  the  position  of  the  right  hand  so  as  to  embrace 
the  guard  with  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  slip  up  the  left 
hand  to  the  height  of  the  shoulder,  the  fingers  extended  and 
joined,  the  right  arm  nearly-  straight. 

Tivo.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 
Order- A.R3IS.     [Two  tnotions.l 

One.  Seize  the  piece  briskly  with  the  left  hand  near  the 
upper  band,  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder  with 
the  right  hand :  loosen  the  grasp  of  the  right  hand,  lower 
the  ])iece  with  the  left,  re-seize  the  piece  with  the  right  hand 
above  the  lower  band,  the  little  finger  in  the  rear  of  the  bar- 
rel, the  butt  about  four  inches  from  the  ground,  the  right 
hand  supported  against  the  hip,  drop  the  loft  hand  by  the 
side. 


06  MANUAL   OF   KIELEEEN, 

^too.  Let  the  piece  slip  through  the  right  hand  to  th« 
ground  by  opening  slightly  the  tingers,  and  take  the 

Position  of  Order  Arms. 

The  hand  low,  tlie  barrel  between  the  tlmmb  and  fore- 
finger extended  along  the  stock;  the  other  fingers  extended 
and  joined;  the  muzzle  about  two  inches  from  the  right 
shoulder;  the  rammer  in  front;  the  toe  {or  beak)  of  the 
butt,  against,  and  in  a  line  with  the  toe  of  the  right  foot,  the 
barrel  perjjendicular. 

Shoulder-  A  RMS.     [  Two  mothns.] 

'One.  Eaise  the  piece  vertically  with  the  right  hand  to 
the  height  of  the  right  breast,  and  opposite  the  shoulder, 
the  elbow  close  to  the  body  ;  seize  the  piece  with  the  left 
hand  below  the  right,  and  drop  quickly  the  riglit  hand  to 
grasp  the  piece  at  the  swell  of  the  stock,  the  thumb  and 
forefinger  embracing  the  guard;  press  the  piece  against  the 
shoulder  with  the  left  hand  and  below  the  right  arm  nearly 
straight. 

Two.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side, 

Siipj>ort-ARMS«  Yriiree  motions.] 
One.  Bring  the  piece,  with  the  right  hand,  perpendicu- 
larly to  the  front  and  between  the  eyes,  the  barrel  to  the 
rear ;  seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  at  the  lower  band, 
raise  this  as  high  as  the  chin,  and  seize  the  piece  at  the  same 
time  with  the  right  hand  four  inches  below  the  cock. 

Two.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the  barrel  to 
the  front ;  carry  the  piece  to  the  left  shoulder,  and  pass  the 
forearm  extended  on  the  breast  between  the  right  hand  and 
the  cock ;  support  the  cock  against  the  left  forearm,  the  left 
hand  resting  on  the  right  breast. 

Three,  Drop  the  right  hand  by  the  side, 

J!J^^oulder  (or  Carry)- ARMS.    {iViree  motions.) 
One.  Grasp   the   piece  Avith  the  right  hand  under  and 
against  the  forearm ;  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  at  the  lower 
band,  the  thumb  extended :  detach  the  piece  slightly  from 
the  shoulder,  the  left  forearm  along  the  stock. 

Two.  Carry  tlie  piece  vertically  to  the  right  shoulder 
with  both  hands,  the  rammer  to  the  front,  change  the  posi- 


MANUAL   FOR    RIFLEIVIEN.  67 

fion  of  the  nglit  hand  so  as  to  embrace  the  guard  with  the 
thumb  and  forefinger,  slip  the  left  hand  to  the  height  of  the 
shoulder,  the  fingers  extended  and  joined,  the  right  arm 
nearly  straight, 

Turee.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 

Fix-BAYONET.     [Three  jiwaons^.-] 

One.  Grasp  tlie  piece  with  the  left  hand  at  the  height  o^ 
the  shoulder,  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder  with 
the  right  hand, 

Tivo.  Quit  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  lower  it  with 
the  left  hand,  opposite  the  middle  of  thf  body,  and  place 
the  butt  between  the  feet  without  sliock,  the  rammer  to  the 
rear,  the  barrel  vertical,  the  muzzle  three  inches  from  the 
body;  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  at  the  upper  bnnd,  and 
carry  the  left  hand  reversed  to  the  handle  of  the  sabre- 
bayonet. 

^Threc.  Draw  the  sabre-bayonet  from  the  scabbard  and 
fix  it  on  the  extremity  of  the  barrel ;  seize  the  piece  with  the 
left  hand,  the  arm  extended,  the  right  hand  at  the  upper 
band. 

Stioulder-  .\  H  MS,    [  Tar,  motiojis.'] 

One.  Raise  the  piece  Avith  the  left  hand  and  place  it 
against  the  right  shoulder,  the  rjimmer  to  the  front:  seize 
p^ece  at  the  same  time  with  the  right  hand,  at  the  swell  of 
the  stock,  the  thumb  and  forefinger  embracing  the  guard, 
the  right  arm  nearly  extended. 

Two.  Drop  briskly  the  left  hand  bj-  the  side, 

Charge-BAYONET.     [Two  motions.] 

One.  Raise  tho  piece  slightly  with  the  right  hand  and 
make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel ;  place  the 
hullow  of  the  right  foot  opp  )site  to,  and  three  inches  from 
the  left  heel,  the  feet  square;  seize  the  piece  at  the  same 
time  with  the  left  hand  a  little  above  the  lower  band. 

Tivo.  Bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the  ]>arrel 
uppermost,  the  left  elbow  against  tho  body  ;  seize  the  small 
of  the  stock,  at  .the  same  time,  with  the  right  hand,  which 
v'ill  be  supportel  against  the  hip;  the  point  of  the  oabre- 
bayonet  as  high  d.^  the  eye. 

5^ 


C8  MANUAL  FOR   RIFLEMEN. 

Shoulder- ARMS.  [Two  motions.] 
One.  Throw  up  the  piece  briskly  with  the  left  hand 
in  facing  to  the  front,  place  it  against  the  right  shoulder, 
the  rammer  to  the  front ;  turn  the  right  hand  so  as  to  em- 
hrace  the  guard,  slide  the  left  hand  to  the  height  of  the 
yhoulder,  the  right  hand  nearly  extended. 

Tivo.  Drop  the  left  hand  smartly  by  the  side. 

Trail- ARMS.     [Two  motvms.'] 
One.  The  same  as  the  first  motion  of  order  arms. 
Two.    Incline    the   muzzle    slightly    to  the    front,   the 
butt  to  the  rear  and  about  four  inches  from  the  ground. 
The  right  hand,  supported  at  the  hip,  will  so  hold  the 
piece  that  the  rear  rank  men  may  not  touch  with  theix* 
bayonets  the  men  in  the  front  rank. 
Shoulder- \RMS, 
At  the  command  shoulder,  raise  the  piece  perpendicular- 
ly in  the  right  hand,  the  little  fmger  in  rear  of  the  barrel. 
At  the  command  arms,  execute  the  two  motions  prescribed 
for  the  shoulder  from  the  position  of  order  arms. 
Uufix-BAYONET.    [Three  motions.] 
One.     The  same  as  the  first  motion  oi  iix-'bayonet. 
2\do.     The  same  as  the  second  motion  of  fix-bayonet,  ex- 
cept that  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand   will  be   placed   on 
the  spring  of  the  sabre-bayonet,  and  the  left  hand  will  cm- 
brace  the" handle  of  the  sabre-bayonet  and  the  barrel,  the 
thumb  extended  along  the  blade. 

Three.     Press  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  on  the  spring, 
wrest  off  the  sabre-bayonet,  turn  it  to  the  right,  the  edge  to 
the  frorit,  lower  the  guard  until  it  touches  the  i-ight  hand, 
which  will  seize  the  Ijack  and  the  edge  of  the  blade  between 
the  thumb  and  first  two  fingers,  the  other  fingers  holding 
the  piece ;  change  the  position  of  the  hand  without  quit- 
ting the  handle,  return  the  sabre-bayonet  to  the  scabbard, 
and  seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  arm  extended. 
Shoulder- ARMS.     [2wo  mMioiis.]. 
One.     The  same  as  the  first  motion  from  fix-hay onet, 
Tm.    The  same  as  the  second  yiotiou  from  fix-bayonet. 


MANUAL    FOR    RIFLEMEX.  6*9 

Sectire-i^KM^.     [Three  motions:] 

One.  The  same  as  the  lir.st  motion  of  .mjwort  armsi,  ex- 
cept, with  the  right  hand  seize  the  piece  at  tlie  small  of  the 
stock. 

Tioo.  Turn  the  piece  vrith  hoth  hands,  the  barrel  to  tlio 
front ;  bring  it  opposite  the  left  shoulder,  the  bult  against 
the  hip,  the  left  hand  at  the  lower  band,  the  thumb  as  ijigh 
as  the  chin  and  extended  on  the  rauimer ;  the  piece  erect 
and  detached  from  the  shoulder,  the  left  forearm  against 
the  piece. 

Three.  Reverse  the  piece,  pass  it  under  the  left  arm,  the 
left  hand  remaining  at  the  lower  baud,  the  thumb  on  the 
rammer  to  prevent  it  from  sliding  out,  the  little  finger  rest- 
ing against  the  hij),  the  right  iiand  falling  at  the  same 
time  by  the  side. 

Shoii3!ler-Al!MS.     [Three  mothns:\ 

One.  Eaiso  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  and  seize  it 
with  the  right  hand  at  the  small  of  the  stock.  The  piece 
erect  and  detached  from  the  shoulder,  the  butfc  against  the 
hip,  left  forearm  along  the  piece. 

Tlco.  The  same  as  the  second  m.otion  oi  fshoidder  arms 
from  a  support. 

Three.  The  same  as  the  third  motion  of  slioulder  arms 
from  a  support. 

lliglit  Shoulder,  §liift-AIl3IS.     [Ttro  motion.?.] 

One.  Detach  the  piece  perpendicularly  from  the  shoul- 
der with  the  right  hand,  and  sieze  it  with  the  left  between 
the  lower  bancl  and  the  guide  sight,  raise  the  jjiece,  the  left 
hand  at  the  height  of  the  shoulder  and  four  inches  from  it ; 
place  at  the  same  time,  the  righ£  hand  on  the  butt,  the 
brace  between  the  first  two  fingers,  the  other  two  fingers 
under  the  butfc  plate. 

Ttco.  Quit  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  raise  and  place 
the  piece  on  the  right  shoulder  with  the  right  hand,  the 
lock  plate  upwards ;  let  fall,  at  tlie  same  time,  the  left  hand 
by  tlie  side. 

•Should  r  r-  A  R  31 S .    ( Two  motions. ) 

One.  Eaise  the  piece  perpendicularly  by  extending  the 
right  arm  to  its  full  length,  the  rammer' to  the  front,  at  the 


70  MAXUAL   FOR   KIFLEMEN. 

snmc  tiine,  seize  tie  picee  with  the  left   hand   hetween  tli  e 
lower  band  mid  guiiiu  sight. 

'ViD'i.  Quit  the  l)iitt  witli  the  rigvit  liaud,  wliich  will  im- 
meiliately  eiid)race  the  guanl,  lower  the  piece  to  the  poyitioii 
ol"  shoulder  arms,  slide  up  the  left  hand  to  the  height  of  the 
shoulder,  the  fhigers  extended  and  closed.  Drop  the  left 
Land  by  the  side. 

Arms  at  Will.     [One  motian  ] 

C.u-r\'  the  pie:*e  at  pleasure  on  either  shoulder,  with  one  o^ 
both  hands,  the  muzzle  elevated, 

Shoultler-ARM*5.      [One  motion  ] 

Rotake  quickly  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 

Ground- Arms.      {From  the  posUlo/i  of  order    ar?7is.)     [TvP 
motions.] 

0''>r.  As  prescrilied  §  121. 
Tt€o.  As  prescribed  §  122. 

Raise-AK3IS.      [  Two  motions.] 
One.  As  prescriiied  §  1  3. 
Tico.  As  prescribed  §  VIA. 

I^oad  ill  nine  times. 
1.  I.OAf>."     [One  moiim.] 
Grasp  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  as  high  as  the  right  el' 
bow,  and  bring  it  vertically  o]»posite  the  middle  of  the  body, 
shift  the  right  iiand  to  the  upper    band,  place  the   butt    be- 
tween the  feet,  the  barrel  to  the  front  ;  seize  it  with    the  left 
hand  near  the  muzzle,  which  should  be  three  inches  from  the 
body  ;  cany  the  right  hand  to  the  cartridge  box. 
2.  Hanclle-CARTRIDGE.     [Onemotion,] 
Seize  the  cartridge  with  the  thumb  and  next  two  fingers* 
and  place  it  between  the  teeth. 

3    Tear-CARTRIDUE.     [On"  motion,.'] 
Tear  the  pip.r  to  the  p)\vdor,  hold  the  cartridge   upright 
between  the  thumb  and  lirst  two   fingers,    near  the   top  ;  in 
this  position  pla 'c  it  in  front  of  and   near    the   muzzle — the 
back  of  the  hand  t>  the  front. 

**  Wiicuevcr  itic  iOauiu.,ti  uiid  iiiings  are  to  be  exoculed,  tho 
Jnstrnctojf  wiM  cause  tb,*  carUU^e  bu;£,es  to  Ibe  brought  to   ik9 


ptQat. 


MANUAL   FOR   RIFLEMEN.  71 

4.  Cliar^c-CARTRIDar:.     [O.ie  mntio'i.] 

Empty  the  powder  into  the  burrel  :  disengage  the  ball  from 
the  paper  with  the  right  hand  and  the  thunih  and  lirsttwo 
fingers  of  the  left;  insert  it  into  the  bi-re,  the  pointed  end  u.p- 
l)ermost,  and  i)ress  it  down  w  ith  the  right  thiiiidi  ;  seize  the 
head  of  the  rammer  with  the  tliumb  and  tbrdinger  of  the 
right  hand,  the  other  lingers  closed,  the  elbows  near  the  bod}', 
5.1)  l-a  w-  R  A  M  M  111,     [  77,  r,  e  motion  a.] 

One.  Half  draw  the  rammer  by  extemhng  the  right  arm  ; 
steady  it  in  this  position  with  the  left  thumb  ;  grasp  the  ram- 
mer near  the  muzzle  with  the  right  hand,  the  little  linger  up- 
permost, the  nails  to  the  fnait,  the  thumb  extended  along  the 
rammer. 

Tio  .  Clear  the  rammer  from  the  pipes  by  ngnin  extending 
the  arm  ;  the  rammer  in  the  prolongation  of  the  pipes. 

Three.  Turn  the  rammer,  the  little  end  of  the  rammer 
passing  near  the  left  shouKler  ;  phue  the  head  of  the  rammer 
oil  the  ball,  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the  front. 

G.  Ilam-C  VSlTHlD^i^;.     [0-e  mofion.] 

Insert  the  rammer  as  far  as  the  right,  and  steady  it  in  this 
position  with  the  thumb  of  tlie  left  hand  ;  seize  the  ranmicr 
lit  the  small  end  with  the  thumb  and  forefinger  of  th.e  right 
hand,  the  back  of  the  hand  io  the  front  ;  press  the  ball  home, 
the  elbows  near  the  body. 

7.  Retu  n-R  ^  M 31  !■:«.     [  Three  mofmn^  ] 

One.  Draw  the  rammer  half  way  out,  and  steady  it 
in  this  position  wiih  the  left  thumb  ;  grasp  it  ni,ar  the 
muzzle  with  the  right  han:l.  the  little  finger  npy)(•ru50^t, 
the  nails  to  the  front,  the  thumb  along  the  rammer;  clear 
the  rammer  from  the  bore  by  extending  the  arm,  the 
nails  to  the  front,  the  rammer  in  the  prolongation  of  the 
bore. 

2'ico.  Turn  the  ramnisr,  its  head  passing  near  the  left 
shoulder,  and  iasjrt  it  in  th:^  pip3s  u.til  the  right  hand 
rj  ches  the  muzzle,  the  nails  to  the  front. 

T ii'ee.  Force  the  rammer  home  by  placing  the  Utile 
finger  of  the  right  hand  on  the  head  of  the  rammer;  pasd 
the  left  hand  down  the  barrel  to  the  extent  of  the  arm, 
without  depressing  the  shoulder. 


72  MANUAL   FOR   KIFLEMEN. 

*8.  PillME.  {Ttoomotiou.) 

0:ie.  With  the  left  hand  raise  the  piece  till  the  liand  is 
as  hi,2:h  as  the  eye,  grasp  the  small  of  the  stook  with  the 
right  hand  ;  halt'  face  to  the  right ;  place,  at  the  same  time, 
the  right  foot  behind  and  at  right  angles  with  the  left  ; 
the  hollow  of  the  right  foot  against  the  left  heel.  Slip 
the  left  hand  down  to  ihe  ip  wer  hand,  the  thumb  along 
the  stock,  the  lef]^  elbow  against  the  body  ;  bring  the  piece 
to  the  right  side, "the  butt  belo-.v  the  right  forearm — the 
small  of  the  stock  against  the  body  and  two  inches  below 
the  right  breast,  the  barri-l  upwards  the  muzzle  on  a  level 
with  the  eye. 

Tloo.  Half  cock  with  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  the 
fingers  supported  against  the.  guard  and  the  small  of  the 
stock — remove  the  old  cap  Avith  cue  of  the  fingers  of  the 
right  hand,  and  with  the  thumb  and  forefinger  of  the  same 
hand  take  a  cap  fsom  the  pouch,  place  it  on  the  mpjile, 
and  press  it  down  with  the  thumb  fseize  the  small  of  the 
stock  with  the  right  hand. 

9.  ghouIder-ARI^S. 

Ohe.  Bring  the  piece  to  the  right  shoulder  and  support 
it  there  with  the  Iv.  ft  hand,  face  to  the  front;  bring  tlie 
right  heel  to  the  side  of  and  on  a  line  with  the  left  ;  grasp 
the  piece  with  the  right  hand  as  indicated  in  the  position 
Qi  slioiddeT  arms. 

Two.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 
RElIiY.    {Three  ntutlons.) 

One.  Kaiae  the  piece  slightly  with  the  right  haiid,  mak- 
ing a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel;  carry  the 
right  foot  to  the  rear,  :itui  place  il  at  right  angles  to  tlie 
left,  the  hollow  of  it  opposite  to,  and  against  the  left  heel ; 
grasp  the  jjiece  with  the  left  hand  at  tiio  lower  band 
and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder. 

Two.  Bring  down  tlic  piece  with  both  hands,  the 
barrel  upwards,  the  left  thumb  extended  alo  igthe  stock, 

■^-  If  the  Prlrii:'!-  be  used,  the  cnuur.aud  will  be  load  ih  anJit 
timef!,  and  the  eight  connnand  will  be,  skuuhl'i'  ur)/ix,  and  execu- 
ted from  retarii  ra/hnaer,  '\\\  two  niuiions,  as  l';;liov\s  : 

One.  Raiiso  the  piece  v.-ith  ihe  lelt  baud  and  take  the  position 
<jf  shoulder  aims. 

livo.    Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 


MANUAL   FOR   RIFLEMEN.  73 

the  butt  below  the  riglit  forearm,  the  small  of  the  stock 
against  the  borly  and  two  inches  below  the  right  breast, 
the  muzzle  as  liigh  as  the  eye,  the  left  elbow  against 
the  side  :  place  at  the  same  time  the  right  thumb  on 
the  head  of  the  cock,  the  othertingers  under  andagainsi 
the  guard. 

r/iree.  Cock  and  seize  the  piece  at  the  small  of  the 
Btock  without  deranging  the  jwsition  of  the  butt. 
AIM.  [On  mo ' la n.] 
Raise  the  piece  with  both  hands,  and  support  the  but*' 
against  the  right  shoulder;  the  left  elbow  down,  the 
right  nearly  as  high  as  the  shoulder;  incline  the  head 
^ipon  the  butt  so  that  the  right  eye  may  perceive  quickly 
the  object  aimed  at  ;  the  left  eye'closed,  the  right  thumb 
extended  -long  the  stock,  the  forefinger  on  the  trigger. 

The  rear  rank  men,  in  aiming,  will  each  carry  the 
right  fo;)t  about  eight  inches  to  "the  right,  and  towards 
the  left  heel  of  the  man  next  on  the  right,  inclining  the 
upper  part  ot  the  body  forward. 

FIRE.     [One  mutlon.-] 
Press  the  forefinger  against  the  trigger,  fire,    without 
lowering  or  turning  the  head,  aud  remain    in   this  posi- 
tion. 

rOAi).     FromtlieiiA.'^     [One  motion.'] 
Bring  down  tlie  ])iecc  with    both    hands,  at    the  same 
time  face  to    the  front  and    take  the  po-^ition  of  load. 
S£ach  rea.r   rank  man  vrill  bring  his  right  foot  by  the  side 
ij'i  the  left. 

Shouider-ARMS,    From  tlie fire.    [One  moiio?i.'] 
Throw  up  the  piece    briskly    with  the    left  hand  and 
resume  the  position  oi'sJiouIdtr  arms,  at  the   same    time 
■face  to  the  front,  turning  on  the  left  heel,  and  bring   the 
right  heel  on  a  line  with  the  left. 

.«:-  From  this  positiofl,  the  instructor  may  cause  tlic  loading 
to  b»eontiiaucd,  as  already  prescribed.  If  be  wish  tlie  men  to 
'load  witboutrestingou  tbe  times,  be  -will  command,  1.  Load  at 
uu.ll.  2.  LoAD:wben  eacb  man  will  load  promptly,  obsci'ving 
every  motion,  but  without  xedtin^,  and  -Rrith out  waiting  for  hi« 
uoi^'hl'ors. 


74  MANUAL   FOR   RIFLEMEN. 

Recover- ARMS.     Frrnifheahn.     [C 7} e  motion.'] 
At  the  word  Teeavei%    witlidraw  tlie    fingor  from    tlv© 
trigger;  at  the   command    arms,  retake    tlie  position  of 
reac  y. 

Shoulder- ARMS.  Frov-  tie  ready.  [0  le  mntiin.] 
At  the  word  shoulder,  phice  thetluimb  upon  the  coclr^ 
the  forefinger  on  the  trigger,  half  cock,  and  seize  tlie 
small  of  the  stock  witJi  the  right  hand.  At  the  com- 
mand arms,  bring  up  the  piece  briskly  to  the  right 
shoulder,  and  retake  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 
Inspection-AR3IS.  From  order  arms.  [Tioo  motions.] 
One.  Seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  below  and 
near  the  upper  band,  carry  it  with  both  hands  opposite 
the  middleof  the  body,  the  butt  between  the  feet,  the 
rammer  to  the  rear,  the  barrel  vertical,  the  muzzle  about 
three  inches  from  the  bvdy;  carry  the  Kit  hand  re- 
versed to  the  sabre-bayonet,  draw  it  from  the  scabbard 
and  fix  it  on  the  barrel;  grasp  the  piece  with  the  left 
hand  below  and  nrar  the  upper  band,  seize  the  rammer 
■with  the  thuBib  and  forefinger  of  the  right  hand  beat, 
the  other  dingers  closed. 

Tcco.  Draw  the  rammer  as  explained  in  loadh  g^  and 
let  it  glide  to  the  bottom  oi  the  bore,  replace  the  piece 
with  the  left  hand  opposite  the  right  shoulder,  and  re- 
take ti  e  position  o\'  order  arms. 

The  instructor  will  then  pass  along  the  front  of  tho 
rank  and  inspect  the  piece  of  each  man.  all  c  >iifo.'ming 
to  the  principles  pie  cribed  lor  ni.-;pt!Ction  in  tiie  squall 
drill,  ^  K-)9.  Each  man,  when  the  instructor  shall  liave 
passed  him,  will  retake  the  position  prescribed  at  the 
command  inspection  uriiis,  reiurn  the  rammer,  and  re- 
sume the  position  of  order  aims. 

Stack-ARMS. 
At  this  command,  the  front  rank  man  of  every  even 
numbered  iile  will  pass  his  piece  before  him,  seiz  ng  it 
with  the  left  hand  near  the  upper  band;  will  place  the 
butt  a  iittle  in  advance  of  Ins  left  toe,  tliel'nrrcl  turned 
towards  the  bo;ly,  and  draw  the  rammer  slightly  iroza 
its  place:  tiie  front  rank    man  of    every  odd  numbered 


MANUAL  FOR   RIFLEMEN.  75 

file  will  also  draw  the  rammer  slightly,  and  pass 
his  piece  t  >  the  man  next  on  his  left,  wlio  wil  seize 
it  with  the  right  h.inJ  near  tiie  upper  band,  and 
pl;ice  the  butt  u  I  ttle  in  advance  of  the  right  toe  of  the 
inanne>;ton  his  right,  tlie  liarrel  turned  to  the  front: 
he  will  tiien  cross  the  rammer  of  tlie  two  pieces,  ihe 
r.imm  'r  of  the  piece  of  the  o<ld  niunber  nuin  bei  g  in- 
8ide:  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  even  file  will  also  draw 
li  s  rammer,  lean  his  pie  e  forward,  tiie  lock  plale  down- 
war  Is,  advance  the  righi  foot  about  six  inches,  and  in- 
sert the  rimmer  between  the  rammer  and  l»arrel  of  th& 
piece  of  his  fro  t  rank  man;  wish  his  left  hand  he  wi  I 
place  the  butt  of  his  piece  on  ihe  ground,  ihirty-two  in- 
ches in  rear  of  and  perpendicular  to,  the  fro.  t  rank, 
bringing  buck  hisright  loot  by  the  side  of  the  left;  the 
front  rank  man  of  every  even  file  will  at  the  same  time 
lem  the  stack  to  the  rear,  quit  it  with  his  right  h.-.n  I, 
and  f'»rce  all  the  'ammers  <l<iwn.  The  stack  Itein^:  thus 
formed,  the  rear  rank  man  or  every  odd  file  will  pass  his 
piece  into  his  lel"t  hand,  the  l>arrei  to  the  front,  and  in- 
clining it  forward;  wi.l  rest  in  it  on  the  stack. 
Take-ARMS. 

At  tliis  command  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  odd 
numbered  file  will  withdraw  iiis  piece  from  the  stack; 
the  front  rank  man  ot  every  even  file  will  sei>;e  his  own 
piece  with  thi'  left,  hand  arid  that  of  the  man  on  his 
right  with  his  right  hand,  both  above  the  hnver  band: 
the  rear  rank  man  of  the  even  file  will  seize  his  piece  with 
the  right  hand  below  the  lower  band;  these  two  men 
will  I'aise  up  the  sta  k  to  loosen  the  rammers-  the  front 
rank  man  of  everv  odd  file  will  ficilitate  the  di:eni:;ige- 
ment  of  the  rammers,  if  nece-jsary.  by  drawing  then)  out 
eliglitly  w!th  'he  left  hand,  and  will  receive  his  piece 
from  the  htnd  of  of  the  man  next  cm  his  left;  the  four 
men  vvid  retake  the  position  of  the  soldier  at  order 
arms. 


INSPECTIOX. 


REGL'LATiOXS  AS  TO  IXSPECTiOX, 
PARADES,  ETC. 


FORM  OF  IN.oPECTION. 

The  inspeetiou  of  troops,  not  le^s  than  a  coiwpanv, 
Tvill  genemlly  be  preceded  by  a  review.  The  present 
example  etnhraces  a  battalion. 

The  inspecting  ofH;'er  and  the  fiei'l  and  staif  officers 
v,"ill  be  on  foot.  The  batta'iou  being  in  the  order  of 
battle,  the  colonel  will  cause  it  to  break  into  open  col- 
umn of  companies,  right  in  front,  lie  will  next  order 
the  ranks  to  be  opened,  wlien  the  color-rank  and  color- 
guard,  under  the  direction  of  the  adjutant,  will  take 
post  ten  paces  in  front,  and  the  band  ten  paces  in  rear  of 
the  column.  The  colonel  seeing  the  lanks  aligned,  will 
then  command; 

1.  Officers  and  Sorj^cauts  to  tTxe  front  of  your  Compa- 
nioa,     2.  MARCEL. 

The  officers  will  ibrm  themselves  in  one  rank,  eight 
paces,  and  the  non-connnissioned  officers  in  one  rank, 
fsix  paces  in  advance,  along  the  whole  fronts  of  their 
respective  companies,  from  right  to  lefc  in  the  order  of 
seniority;  tlie  pioneers  and  music  of  each  company,  in 
one  rank,  two  paces  behind  the  non-commissioned  offi- 
cers.    The  colonel  will  then  command: 

1.  Field  and  Staff,  to  the  frojit.     2.  MARCH. 

The  commissiouel  uftlcors  thus  designated,  will  form  them- 
selves in  one  rank,  on  aline  equal  to  the  front  of  the  column, 
six  paces  in  front  of  the  colors,  from   right   to   left  in    the 


INSPECTION.  7  7 

order  of  seniority  :  and  the  non-commissioned  stuff,  in  a  sim- 
ilar manner,  two  paces  in  rear  of  tlie  preceding  rank.  The 
colonel,  seeing  the  movement  executed,  will  take  post  on  the 
right  of  the  lieutenant  colonel,  and  wait  the  approach  of  the 
inspecting  oflicer.  But  sucli  of  the  field  officers  as  may  be 
superior  in  rank  to  the  inspector,  will  not  take  post  in  front 
of  the  battalion. 

The  inspector  will  commence  in  front.  After  inspecting 
the  drcds  and  general  appearance  of  the  field  and  commis- 
sioned staff  undv'^r  arms,  the  inspector,  accompanied  by  these 
officers,  will  pass  down  the  open  column,  looking  at  every 
rank  in  front  and  rear. 

The  colonel  will  now  command,  1.  Order-Xn'i^is.  2, 
Rest  ;  when  the  inspector  will  proceed  to  make  a  minute 
inspection  of  the  several  ranks  or  divisions,  commencing  ia 
front. 

As  the  inspector  approaches  the  non-commissioned  staff, 
color-rank,  the  color-guard  and  the  band,  the  adjutant  will 
give  the  necessary  orders  for  the  inspection  of  arms,  boxes, 
and  knapsacks.  The  colors  will  be  jolanted  firm  in  the 
gruund,  to  enable  the  color-bearers  to  display  the  contents 
of  their  knapsacks.  The  non-connuissioned  staff  may  be 
dismisseil  as  soon  as  inspected,  but  the  color-rank  and  color- 
guard  will  remain  until  the  colors  are  to  be  escorted  to  the 
place  from  which  they  were  taken.  As  the  inspector  suc- 
cessively approaches  the  companies,  the  cajDtains  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  Attention.    2.  Compauy.    3.  Iiispccticn-ARMS. 
The  inspecting  officer  will   then  go  through  4jy.e   whole 
company,  and  minutely  inspect  the  arms,  accoutrements  and 
dress  of  each  soldier.     After  this  is   done  the   captain   will 
connnand  :    Oper,-BoxES,  ;  when  the  ammunition  and  boxes 
Avill  be  examined.     He  will  then  command  : 
1.  §Iioxilder»ARr»IS.      2.  Close-Order       3,    MARCH. 
4.  Order- AliMS.     5.  Stact-AKMS.    G.  To  the  rear, 
open  order     T.  MARCH.    8.  Front  rauk,  ABOUT- 
FACE^:.      9.  UiisiiKg-iinapsacks,      lO.  Open-Knap- 
sacks. 

The  sergeants  will  face  inward  at  the  2nd  command,  and 
close  upon  the  centre  at  the  3rd,  and  at  the  5th  command 


78  INSPECTION. 

stack  their  arms  ;  at  the  Gth  tliey  will  face  outward,  and  at 
the  7th  resume  their  positiDti.  Wiien  the  rMuks  are  closed, 
})repa  rati  try  to  tdhc-anny,  the  sc^rgeants  will  also  close  i;})(*n 
the  ceiitri-,  and  at  tlie  word,  take  their  arms  and  rebume 
their  position. 

The  knap.-vicks  will  he  plajed  at  the  feet  of  the  men,  the 
lla})S  from  them,  with  the  great  coats  on  the  flaps,  and  krmp- 
sacks  leaning  on  the  great  coats.  In  this  pot^itio^  the  in- 
spjctor  will  examine  their  coritents,  or  somaiiy  of  tlicm  as  he 
may  think  necessary,  commencing  with  the  non-commissi-.-n- 
Cvl  olIi-XTS,  the  mjn  standing  at  attention.  When  the  in- 
spect r  has  passed  through  the  company,  the  captain  will 
Command:  R^p'ck  Kth.p.^tckff,  when  each  soldier  will  re- 
pack and  buckle  up  his  knapsack,  leaving  it  on  thegn.und, 
the  numl)er  upwards  turned  from  him,  and  then  stand  at 
rest.  The  captain  will  then  command  : 
1.  Atteiiiioii.  2.  Company.  3.  Siing^-Knapsacks.  4. 
Front  rank,  ABOUT-FACK.  5.  Close  Order.  G 
MARCH.  1.  Take-. 1^x^13.  8.  Siioulder-ARxMS.  o' 
C  Hie  or  s  and  Scrijcauts  to  your  posts.  lO.  MARCH*. 
At  the  w.)rd  sUnf/  of  the  3rd  comm  vnd,  each  soldier  will 
take  his  knajjsack,  holding  it  by  the  inner  straps,  and 
stand  erect  ;  at  the  last  word,  he  will  rephn.'e  it  on  his  back. 
At  the  10th  command,  the  company  will  file  oft"  to  their 
tents  or  quarters,  excejtt  the  company  that  is  to  re-escort  the 
colors,  whiuh  will  await  the  further  orders  of  the  colonel. 


DRESS   PARADE.  79 


FORMS  OF  PARADE, 

The  examples  here  given  embrace  a  battalion  of  iir 
fiiitry.  A  single  company  will  parade  as  if  it  were  with 
the  battaUin. 

1.  DRESS  PARADE. 

At  the  hour  appuinte.l,  on  the  signal  of  the  adjutant, 
the  captains  wilt  mirja  thjir  companies  to  the  parade- 
grounil,  wiiere  they  take  their  p  )sition3  in  the  order  of 
battle.  When  the  line  is  formed  the  captain  of  the 
first  company,  on  notice  from  the  adjutant,  steps  one  pace 
to  the  front  and  gives  to  liis  company  the  command  : 
Order-\R}>is  ;  Parala-ilzsT  ;  whioii  is  repeated  by  each 
captain  in  successi.)n  to  the  left.  The  adjutant  takes  post 
two  paces  on  the  right  of  the  line  ;  the  sergeant-major  two 
paces  on  tlie  lett.  Tiie  music  will  be  formed  in  two  ranks  on 
the  right  of  the  adjutant.  The  senior  officer  present  will 
take  tlie  command  of  the  parade,  and  will  take  post  at  a 
suitable  distance  in  front,  opposite  the  centre  facing  the 
Hue. 

When  the  companies  have  ordered  arms,  the  adjutant 
"will  order  the  music  to  6€a/!o^',  when  it  will  commence  on 
tl  e  right,  beat  in  frv)nt  of  thj  line  to  the  left,  and  back  to 
its  plaje  on  tlie  right.  The  adjutant  will  then  step  two 
paces  to  the  front,  iaze  to  t'le  kf,  and  command. 

1.  Attention.  2.  Battalion.  3.  Shoulder- VRMS.  -1. 
Prepare  to  open  ranks.  5.  To  the  rear  open  order 
6.  MARCH. 

At  the  sixth  command,  the  ranks  will  be  opened,  th<^ 
commi-;sioned  officers  (field  and  stafl"  dismounting)  will 
miroh  t.)  the  front,  field  officers  six  paces,  the  company 
otficers  f  )ur  paces,  opposite  to  their  position  in  line  of  battle, 
halt  and  dress.  The  adjutant  seeing  the  ranks  alligned  \\i  I 
commind  :  FitoxT,  and  mirch  along  the  front  t  >  tlie  center, 
face  to  the  right,  and  pa^s  the  line  of  company  offi  ers, 
eight  or  ten  paces,  face  to  the  right  about  and  command : 
Preseut-ARMS. 


r  '  \ 


SO  DRESS   PARADE. 

Seeing  this  executed,  he  will  face  anout  to  the  command- 
ing officer,  salute  and  report,  "/Sir  the  ^jarade  is  formed." 
The  adjutant  will  then,  on  intimation  to  that  efi'ect,  take 
his  station  three  paces  on  the  left  of  the  commanding  officer" 
one  pace  retired,  passing  around  his  rear. 

The  commanding  officer,  having  acknowledged  the  salute 
of  the  line  by  touching  his  hat,  will  after  the  adjutant 
has  taken  his  post,  draw  his  sword  and  command: 

1.  Battalion.    2.  Shoulder-ARMS, 
and  add  such  exercises  as  he  may  think  proper,  conclud- 
ing with  (?/y/<p?"-Arms.  He  will   then  return   his  sword, 
and  direct  the  adjutant  to  receive  the  reports. 

The  adjutant  will  now  pass   around  the   right   of  the 
commanding  officer,  advance  upon  the  line,  halt  midway 
betw'een  him  and  the  line  of  company  officers,  and  com- 
mand: 

1.  First  Sergeants  to  the  front  and.  centre. 
2.  MARCH. 

At  tlie  first  command,  the  first  sergeants  will  fshoulder 
arms,  march  two  paces  to  the  front,  and  face  invvard. 
At  the  second  command,  they  will  march  to  the  centre, 
and  halt.  The  adjutant   will  then  order: 

i.  Front  FACK.     2.  Report. 

At  the  last  word,  each  in  succession,  beginning  on  the 
right,  will  salute  by  bringing  the  leit  hand  smartly  across 
the  breast  to  tlie  right  shoulder,  and  report  the 
result  of  the  roll-call  previously  made  on  the  comj)any 
parade.  The  adjutant  then  commands  : 
1.  First  Sergeants,  outward-Face.     2,  To  your  posts- 

KIARCll, 
wdien  they  will  resume  their  places  and  order  arms.  The 
adjutant  will  then  face  to  the  connnanding  officer,  salute,  re- 
port absent  oflicers,  and  give  the  result  of  the  first  sergeants' 
reports.  The  commanding  officer  will  then  direct  the  orders 
to  be  read,  when  the  adjutant  will  face  about  and  announce. 
Attention  to  Orders. 

Having  read  the  orders,  the  adjutant  will  face  to  the  com- 
manding officer,  salute  and  report  ,  v^dien,  ou  am  intimation 


DRESS    PAKADE.  SI 

frem  tlic  conimaiKler,  he^vill  face  again  to  tl:e  line  and  an- 
nounce ; 

PsLrade  is  disaxissed. 
All  the  officers  wili  now  return  their  swords^  face  inward, 
and  close  on  the  adjutant,  he  having  taken  position  in  their 
line,  the  field  officers  on  the  flanks.     The  adjutarit  com- 
mands : 

1.  Front-FACE.  2.  Forward-MARCII. 
When  they  will  march  forward,  dressing  on  the  centre,  the 
music  playing,  and  when  within  six  paces  of  the  command- 
er, tlie  adjutant  will  give  the  command  :  Halt.  The  offi- 
cers will  then  salute  the  conunanding  oflicer  hy  raising  the 
hand  to  the  cap,  and  there  remain  until  he  shall  have  com- 
municated to  them  such  instructions  as  lie  may  have  t-o  give, 
or  intimates  that  the  ceremony  is  finished.  As  the  ofiicers. 
♦disperse,  the  lirst  sergeants  wid  close  the  ranks  of  their  res^ 
pective  companies,  and  march  them  oif,  the  hand  continu- 
ing^ to  play  until  tlie  companies  clear  the  regimental  parade 
jrrotmd. 


82  REVIEW. 


II.  REVIEW. 

Preparatory  to  a  review,  tlie  adjutant  will  cause  a  camp* 
cnldr  t  )  l)e  p  aced  80  or  lOl)  ])-.ice.s,  <;r  more,  in  front  of,  and 
oppo.-.itc  to,  where  the  centre  of  the  bat ta  ion  will  rest,  where* 
the  reviewia-4  ollicer  is  supposed  to  talce  his  station  ;  and  al- 
thoui,di  he  ma}^  choose  to  quit  that  position,  still  the  color 
is  to  be  con.^idered  as  tlie  point  to  wiiich  all  the  movements 
and  formations  are  relative.  Tlie  adjutant  will  also  cause 
points  to  be  marked,  at  suitable  distances,  for  the  wheelings 
of  the  divisions,  so  that  their  ri-^ht  Hanks,  in  marching  past, 
shall  only  be  about  four  paseofrom  the  camp-color,  or  posi- 
tion of  the  reviewing  ofticer. 

The  batta  ion  being  formed  in  the  order  of  battle  at  nh  ulcU 
ered  armx,  the  o'onel  will  command  : 
1.  Battalion,  prepare   for  review.    To  the  rear,  open 
order.     3.  31  ARCH. 

At  the  word  mordi,  the  field  and  stjiff  officers  dismount, 
the  company  ofHcers  and  the  color-rank  ailvance  four  paces 
in  front  of  the  front  rank,  and  i)!ace  themselves  opposite  to 
their  respective  places  in  the  order  of  battle  ;  the  color-guard 
replace  the  color-rank  ;  the  stall"  ofiicers  place  themselves, 
according  to  rank,  three  paces  on  the  right  of  ihe  rank  of 
company  officers,  and  one  pace  from  each  other  ;  the  music 
takes  pi')St  as  at  dress-parade  ;  the  non-c«  nnnissioncd  stafif 
take  pv)st  one  pace  from  each  other,  and  three  paces  on  the 
right  of  the  front  rank  of  the  battalion. 

AVhen  the  ranks  are  aligned,  the  colonel  wi"l  command  : 
Front  ;  and  place  himself  eight  pa.'cs,  and  the  lieuten- 
ant colonel  and  major  will  place  themselves  two 
pace-,  in  fr  nt  of  the  rank  of  j'ompany  officerp,  ard 
opposite  to  their  re>>pectiv(>  places  in  the  order  of  bat- 
tle,   all  facing  to  the  front. 

When  the  reviewing  officer  presents  himpe'f  before  the 
centre,  and  is  fifty  or  si.xty  paces  distant,  the  colonel  will 
face  about  and  command: 

Present- A  RMS; 
and  resume  his  front.  '  The  men  present  arms,  and  the  offi- 
c«ri4  salute,  so  as  to  dxop  tiioir  swords  with  th«  last  motioA 


of  the  fireloclc.  The  non-commissioned  stafT  salute  by 
la-inging  the  sword  to  a  jyoise,  the  liilt  resting  on  the  breast, 
the  blade  in  front  of  the  face,  inchning  a  Uttle  outwards. 
The  music  will  play,  and  ali  the  drums  beat,  according  to 
the  rank  of  the  reviewing  ofticer,*' 

The  reviewing  officer  having  halted  and  acknowledged 
the  salute  by  tuuching  or  raising  his  cap  ar  hat,  the  colonel 
■will  face  about  and  command:  Sfiouldcr- Arms  I  when  the 
men  shoulder  their  piei;es ;  the  officers  and  non-commis- 
sioned staff  recover  their  swords  with  the  last  motion  and 
the  colonel  faces  to  the  front. 

The  reviewing  oflicer  will  then  go  towards  the  right,  the 
■u'hole  remaining  perfectly  sti^ady,  without  paying  any 
further  complim<int,  while  he  passes  ?Jong  the  front  of  the 
battalion  and  prt^ceeds  round  the  left  flank,  and  along  the 
renr  of  the  file  closers,  to  the  right.  While  the  reviewing 
officer  is  going  rcAind  the  battalion  the  band  will  play,  and 
■will  cease  when  he  has  returned  to  the  right  flank. 

Wlien  the  revie^ving  officer  turns  off  to  place  himself 
by  the  camp-color  in  front,  the  colonel  will  f^ce  the  fine, 
and  command : 

1.  Close  order.    2*  MAPCH. 

At  the  first  command  the  field  and  company  officers  will 
face  to  the  ri<rht-abont ;  and  at  the  second  command,  all 
persons  except  the  colonel,  will  resume  their  places  in  the 
order  of  bTittle  ;  the  field  and  staff  officers  mount. 

The  reviewing  officer  having  taken  his  position  near  the 
camp-color,  the  colonel  will  command: 
1.  By  Company,  right  wheel.     2.  Q,uick-MARCH.    3. 

Pass  in  review.     4.  Columnj  forward.     6.    Guide 

right.    6.  MARCH. 

The  battalion,  in  column  of  companies,  right  in  front, 
will  then  in  common  time,  and  at  shoulder  arms,   be  put 

*If  the  rcvicwinj^  otUccr  bo  juujur  in  rauk  tu  the  commandant 
of  the  parade,  no  compliment  will  bo  paid  to  him,  but  he  will  bo 
received  with  arms  carried,  and  the  ofl&cers  will  not  salute  as 
the  column  passes  in  review.  The  colors , salute  such  persons 
only  a3  from  their  rank  and  by  regulation  are  cntitiod  to  that 
honor* 

6 


M  KETIEW. 

in  motion ;  the  colonel  four  paces  in  front  of  the  captain 
of  the  leading  company ;  the  liei.itenant-colonel  on  ii  lin<5 
with  the  leading  coxnpany)  the  major  on  a  line  ^-ith  the 
jfear  company  ;  the  adjutant  on  a  line  with  the  second  com- 
pany'; the  sergeant-major  on  a  Hne  with  the  company  next 
preceding  the  rear — each  six  paces  from  the  Hank  (left) 
opposite  to  the  reviewing  officer ;  the  staff  officere  in  one 
Tank,  according  to  order  of  precedency,  from  the  right,  four 
paces  in  rear  of  the  column  j  the  music,  preceded  hy  the 
principal  musician,  six  paces  before  the  colonel ;  the  pio- 
neers preceded  by  a  corporal,  four  paces  before  the  principal 
musician ;  and  the  quartermaster-sergeant  two  paces  from 
the  side  opposite  to  the  guides,  and  in  line  with  the  pioneers. 
The  guides  and  soldiers  will  keep  their  heads  steady  to  the 
front  in  passing  in  review- 

The  music  will  begin  to  play  at  the  command  to 
march,  and  after  passing  the  reviewing  officer,  wheel  to 
the  left  out  of  the  coltnim,  and  take  a  position  opposite 
a  id  facing  him,  and  will  continue  to  play  until  the  rear 
of  the  cohnnn  shall  have  passed  him,  when  it  will  cease^ 
and  follo^v  in  the  rearofthc  battalion. '^^  The  officers  will 
s.ilute  the  reviewing  officer  when  they  arrive  within  six 
paces  of  him,  and  recover  their  swords  when  six  pacea 
past  him.  All  officers,  in  saluting,  will  cast  their  eyes 
towards  the  reviewing  officer.  The  colonel,  wlien  he  lias 
saluted  at  the  head  of  the  battalion,  will  place  himself 
near  the  reviewing  officer,  and  will  remain  there  until 
the  rear  has  passed,  when  he  will  rejoin  ^tlie  battalion. 
The  colors  will  salute  the  reviewing  officer,  if  entitled  to 
it,  when  within  six  paces  oi'  him,  and  be  raised  when 
they  have  passed  by  him  an  equal  distance.  The  color- 
bearer  will  remain  in  ranks  while  passing  and  saluting. 
The  reviewing  officer  or  personage  will  acknowledge 
the  salute  by  raising  or  taking  olF  his  cap,  or  hat,  when 
the  commander  of  the  troops  salutes  him  ;  and  also  when 
the  colors  pass.  The  rest  of  the  time,  occupied  by  the 
passage  of  the  troops,  he  will  be  covered. 

*That  ip,  unless  the  battalion  is  to  pass  inqukktime  also,  in 
Jflljcll  cuse  it  will  keep  its  position. 


KEVIEW.  85 

When  the  column  has  passed  tlie  reviewing  officer, 
the  colonel  will  direct  it  to  the  ground  it  marched  from, 
and  command  Guide  left,  in  time  for  the  guides  to  cover. 
The  column  having  arrived  on  its  ground,  the  colonel 
■will  coramaiul  :  1.  Column.  2.  Halt;  form  it  in  order 
of  battle,  and  cause  the  ranks  lo  be  opened  as  above 
directed.  The  review  will  terminte  by  the  whole  salut- 
ing as  at  the  beginning.! 

The  Colonel  will  afterward  cause  the  troops  to  per- 
form such  exercises  and  manoeuvres  as  the  reviewing 
officer  ma}^  direct. 

A  number  of  companies  less  than  a  battalion  will  be 
reviewed  as  a  battalion,  and  a  single  company  as  if  it 
were  with  the  battalion.  *iln  the  latter  case,  the  com- 
pany may  pass  iu  column  of  platoons. 

t  If.  however,  iustructioos  have  been  given  to  march  the 
troojis  past  in  quick  time  also,  the  Colonel  will,  instead  of  chang- 
ing the  guide,  halting  the  column,  and  whecli"ng  it  into  line, 
as  above  directed,  give  the  command  :  1.  Quick  time.  2. 
March.  In  passing  the  reviewing  officer  again,  no  snlute  will 
be  offered  by  either  officers  or  men.  as  the  column  ap- 
proaches, the  music,  having  commenced  playing  at  the  com- 
mand march,  will  place  itself  iu  front  of  and  march  off  with 
the  column,  and  continue  to  play  until  the  battalion  is  halted  on 
its  original  ground.  The  review  will  terminate  in  the  same 
manner  as  above  directed. 


86  GUARD-MOUNTING, 


III.   GUARD-3IOUXTING. 

At  the  first  call  for  giiard-moiiting,  tlie  men  warned  for 
duty  tnrn  out  on  their  company  parades  for  inspection  by 
the  first  sergeants.  Each  dotachnient,  as  it  arrives,  will, 
imi'er  the  dire.-tion  of  the  adjutant,  take  post  on  the  left  of 
the  one  th  it  preceded  it,  in  open  order,  arms  shouldered,  and 
bayonets  fixed  ;  the  supernumeraries  five  paces  in  the  rear 
of  the  men  of  their  respective  companies  ;  the  first  serg(>ants 
in  rear  of  them.  The  sergeant-majur  will  dress  the  ranks, 
count  the  files,  verify  the  details,  and  when  the  guard  is 
formed  report  to  the  adjutant,  and  take  post  two  j^aces  on 
the  left  of  the  front  rank. 

Tlie  adjutant  then  C(.mmands  :  Fionf,  -when  thc(  flicer  tif 
the  guard  takes  i)ost  twelve  paces  in  front  of  the  centre,  the 
sergeants  in  one  rank,  fvnir  pa,ces  in  rear  of  the  officers  ;  and 
the  corporals  in  one  rank,  four  paces  in  rear  of  the  sergeants 
— all  facing  to  the  front.  The  adjutant  then  assigns  their 
places  in  the  guard. 

The  adjutant  will  then  command  : 
1.  Officer  and  uon-commissioned  Officers.    2.  \BOUT. 
FACE.     3.  Inspect  your  guards-MARCH. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  then  take  their  posts. 
The  commander  of  the  guards  then  commands  : 

1.  Order-ARMS.     2.  Inspection-A    MS, 
and  inspects  his  guard.     When  tliere   is   no   commissioned 
officer  on  the  guard,  the  adjutant    will   inspect  it.     During 
inspection  the  band  will  play. 

The  inspection  ended,  the  officer  of  the  guard  takes  post 
as  thcnigh  the  guard  were  a  company  of  a  battalion  in  open 
order,  under  review  ;  at  the  same  time  also,  the  officers  of 
the  day  will  take  postinfront  of  the  centre  of  guard;  the  old 
oliicer  of  the  day  three  paces  on  the  right  of  the  new  officer 
of  the  day,  one  pace  retired.  The  adjutant  w-ill  then  com- 
mind  : 

1.  Parade-REST.    2.  Troop-BEAT  OFF 
Whoa  the  music,  bcginniDg  on  tho  right,  will  beat  down 


GUARD-MOUNTING.  87 

the  line  in  front  of  the  officer  of  tlie  guard  to  the   left,   and 
back  to  its  place  on  the  right,  when  it  will  cease  to  play. 
The  adjutant  will  then  coumiand  : 

1.    Attention.      2.  Shoulder- A  Ri^IS.      3.  Close   order- 
MARCH. 

At  the  word  "close  order/'  the  officer  Avill  face  abont  ;  at 
''march,'"  re>nme  his  post  in  line.  The  adjutant  then  com- 
mands :  Pres''iit-ARM:i  ;  at  which  he  will  face  to  the  new 
officer  of  the  day,  salute  and  report,  "Sir,  the  guard  U 
formally  The  new  officer  of  the  day,  after  acknowledging 
tlic  salute,  will  dire .t  the  adjutant  to  march  the  guard  in 
review,  or  by  flank  to  its  post.  V>\\t  if  the  adjutant  be  sen- 
ior to  the  officer  of  tlie  day.  lie  will  report  without  saluting 
with  the  sword  then,  or  when  marching  in  review. 

In  review,  the  guard  mai-ch  past  the  officer  of  the  day, 
according  to  the  order  of  review,  conducted  by  the  adjutant, 
marching  on  the  left  of  the  fir^t  division  ;  the  sergeant- 
major  oh  the  left  of  the  last  division.  When  the  column 
has  passed  the  officer  of  the  day,  the  officer  of  the  guard 
marches  it  to  its  post,  the  adjutant  and  sergeant-major  re- 
tiring. The  music,  Avhich  has  wheeled  out  of  the  column 
and  taken  post  opposite  the  offijer  of  the  day,  will  cease, 
and  the  old  officer  of  the  day  salute,  and  give  the  old  or 
standing  orders  to  the  new  officer  of  the  day.  The  super- 
numeraries, at  the  same  time,  will  be  marched  to  their  res- 
pective company  parades  and  dismissed. 

On  the  approach  of  the  new  guard,  the  officer  of  the 
old  gnard,  having  hi^  guard  paraded,  will  command: 
Present-XRy\s.  The  new  gunni  will  march,  in  quick 
time,  past  the  old  guard,  at  ahoulhrarms,  officers  salut- 
ing, and  take  post  four  paces  on  its  right,  when,  being 
aligned  with  it,  its  commander  will  order:  Presenf-K-RM?^. 
The  two  officers  will  then  approach  each  other  and 
ealutf*.  They  will  then  return  to  tlieir  respective  guards, 
and  comMiaiid;  1.  S/iou Idcr- Anyis,  2.   On/n^-Anyi^. 

The  officer  of  the  new  guard  will  now  direct  the  detail 
for  tile  advance  guard  to  be  formed   and   marched  to  its 


88  GUARD-MOUNTING. 

post,  tlie  list  of  tlie  guard  made  and  divided  into  tliree 
reliefs,  and  perform  all  the  oilier  duties  incident  to  his 
post  and  necessary  at  this  time  to  be  done. 

The  first  relief  having  been  designated  and  ordered 
two  paces  to  the  front,  the  corporal  of  the  new  guard 
will  take  charge  of  it,  and  go  to  relieve  the  sentinels, 
accompanied  by  the  corporal  of  the  old  guard,  Avho  will 
take  command  of  the  old  sentinels,  when  the  whole  are 
relieved.  The  relief,  with  arms  at  a  support,  in  two 
ranks,  will  march  by  a  Hank,  conducted  by  the  corporal 
on  the  side  of  the  leading  front  rank  man;  and  then  men 
will  be  numbered  alternately  in  the  front  and  rear  rank, 
the  man  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank  being  Ko.  1. 
iShould  an  officer  approach,  the  corporal  will  command: 
Carry  arms,  and  resume  the  support  arms  when  the 
officer  is  passed. 

When  the  sentinel  sees  the  relief  approacliing,  he  will 
halt  and  face  to  it,  with  his  arms  at  a  shoulder.  At  six 
paces  the  corporal  will  command:  1.  Relief.  2,  Halt: 
when  the  relief  will  halt  and  carry  arms.  The  corporal 
will  then  add,  "No.  1,"  or  "No.  2,''  or  "No.  3,"  accor- 
dmg  to  the  number  of  the  post,  ^rws-PoRT.  The  two 
sentinels  will,  with  arms  at  port  then  approach  each 
other,  when  the  old  sentinel,  under  the  correction  of 
the  corporal,  will  whisper  the  instructions  to  the  new 
sentinel.  This  done,  the  two  sentinels  wil  1  shoulder  arms, 
and  the  old  sentinel  will  pass  in  quick  time,  to  his  place 
in  rear  of  the  relief.  The  corporal  will  then  command: 
1.  Siipjyort-Awsis.  2.  Foncard.  3.  March.  Andthe  re- 
lief proceeds  in  the  same  manner  until  the  whole  are 
relieved. 


The  detachments  and  sentin^s  from  the  old  guard 
having  come  in,  it  will  be  marched,  at  filinulder  arms, 
along'the  front  of  the  new  cuard,  in  quick  time  the  new 
guard  standing  at  preseted  arms  ;  officers  saluting  and  the 
inusic  of  both  iruards  beating,    except  at    the   outposts. 


<JUARD-MOUNTIXG.  89 

On  arriving  at  the  refrimental  or  fjiarrison  paracle,  the, 
commander  of  the  old  guard  will  send  the  detachments 
-composing  it  to  their  s'e.«iK3ctiv<g;  regiments  or  compa- 
nies. 

When  the  old  guard  has  marchc4  off  fifty  paee«,  thft 
<3fficeY  ot'thfe  new  guard  will  order  liis  men  to  sjta/;k  their 
fi.rins,  or  piaee  ihcm  in.  the  anu-racVs, 


^  GUARDS  AND  SENTINELS* 


GUARDS   AND    SEXTINEI^S. 

Camp  and  garrison  Guards  will  be  relieved  every  tAven- 
1ky-four  hours.  Sentinels  will  be  relieved  every  two  liours. 
The  officers  are  to  i-emain  constantly  at  their  fjuards,  ex- 
cept while  visiting  the  sentinels  or  necessarily  engaged 
elswhere  on  their  proper  duty.  Neither  othcers  nor  sol- 
diers are  to  take  off  their  clothing  c^-r  aeeov.treraeuts  whilst 
they  are  on  guard.  When  a  lire  breaks  out,  or  any  alarm 
is  raised  in  a  garrison,  all  guards  are  to  be  immediately 
under  arms.  Sentinels  will  not  take  orders  ov  allow  them- 
selves to  be  relieved,  except  by  an  officer  or  non-commiss- 
ioned officer  of  their  guard  or  party,  the  officer  of  the  day, 
or  the  eommandiisg  oificeF.  Sentinels  will  report  every 
breach  of  orders  or  regulations  they  ai?e  entrusted  io  enforce. 
They  must  keep  theraselves  c-n  the  alert,  observiug  every 
thing  that  takes  place  within  sight  and  hearing  of  theiic- 
post.  Tbey  will  carry  their  arms  habitually  at  support  or 
on  either  shoulder,  but  will  never  quit  them.  In  wet 
■weather  they  will  secure  arms.  No  sentinel  will  quit  his 
post  or  hold  convei'satix>n  not  necessary  to  the  pyoper  dis- 
charge of  his  duty. 

Sentinels  will  be  respected  by  all  persons  of  whatever 
rank.  They  will  present  arm,s  to  general  {«nd  field  officers^ 
to  the  officer  of  the  day,  and  to  the  commanding  officer  of 
the  post.  To  all  other  officers  the  will  carry  arms.  The 
sentinel  at  any  post  of  the  guapd,  Avhen  he  sees  any  bodjr 
of  troops,  or  an  offieer  entitled  to  compliment,  approach^ 
mustcall  '^Turnout  the  guard;'"  and  announce  who  ap^ 
proaches.  Guards  do  not  turn  out  as  a  matter  of  com- 
pliment after  sunset ;  but  sentinels  will,  when  officers  ia 
■dniform  approach,  pay  them  proper  attention,  by  facing  to 
the  proper  front  and  standing  steady  at  shoulder  arms. 
This  will  be  observed  until  the  evening  is  so  far  advanced 
lihat  the  sentinels  begin  challengiiig. 


GUARDS  AND  SENTINELS.  91 

Challenging. 

After  retreat  (or  the  hour  appointed  by  the  command- 
ing officer)  until  broad  daylight,  a,  sentinel  challenges 
every  person  who  approaches  him,  taking  at  the  same 
time  the  position  oi'  (irm.'i  port.  He  will  snfTer  no  person 
to  come  nearer  than  wihin  the  reach  of  his  bavonet,  until 
the  person  h;>s  given  the  coynteisi(ju,  A  sentinel  in  chal- 
lenging will  call  out:  ''Who  comea  there.?'''-  If  answered 
— '■'Friend,  with  the  conntcrsirin,'"  and  he  be  instructed  to 
pass  persons  with  the  countersign,  he  will  reply — Advttvce, 
friend,  icith  the  roiinteisi'jhy  If  answered — •'/•V/>'?f?'s," 
he  will  rpplv — ^'Ilalt,  j']-/ernh-.  Aihance  oric  icith  the 
coiDitersitjn."'  If  answered — "■L\h'ef,^^  '^'Patrol^''^  or 
^'G'Cind  romuh^^'he  will  roph^ — "Ilatt;  ndmnce  se>frennt 
(or  corporal)  with  the  coxnteraign  ;"  and  satisfy  himself 
that  the  pprty  is  what  it  represents  itself  to  be.  If  he  have 
no  authority  to  pass  persons  with  the  countersign,  if  the 
wrong  countersign  he,  given,  or  if  the  persons  have  not  the 
countersign,  he  will  cause  them  to  stand,  and  call — "(7or- 
'poral  of  the  guard.^^ 

Grand  ro»ails. 

The  officer  washing  to  make  the  ix>und3,  will  take  an 
escort  of  a  non-conHuissionedoflllcerand  two  men.  When 
the  rounds  are  challenged  by  a  sentinel,  the  sergeant  will 
answer — ''Graid  rounds  ;'''  and  the  sentinel  will  reply — 
'  Hnl\  fj  rand  rounds.  Advance,  sergeant  with  the  eoun- 
iersign.'"'  Upon  which  the  sergeant  advances  and  gives 
the  countersign.  The  sentinel  will  the  cry — 'Advince 
rounds  ;'^  and  stand  at  a  shoulder  ti'fl  ther  have  passed. 

Wlien  tlie  ser.-tinel  betore  the  guard  challenges,  anc? 
is  answered — "Grand  rounds,''  he  will  reply — "f/'tit, 
grand  rovnds.  Turn  out  ifie  qiiard  ;  grand,  rounds.''''  Up- 
on which  tlie  guard  will  he  drawn  np  at  shouldered  arnis» 
The  officer  commanding  the  guard  will  then  order  aser- 
geant  and  two  men  to  advance  ;  r^lien  within  ten  pace?^ 
the  sergeant  challenges.  The  sergeant  of  the  gram^ 
rounds  aiswers — '"G  rami  rounds'''  The  sergeant  of  the- 
guard  replies — ''Advance,  sergeant,  with  tU  cou7it(VsignJ* 


92  GUARDS  AND  SENTINELS. 

The  sero;eant  of  the  rounds  advances  alone,  gives  the 
countersign,  and  returns  to  liis  round.  The  sergeant  of 
the  guard  calls  to  his  officer — ''The  countersign  isright;^'' 
on  which  the  officer  of  the  guard  calls — "Advance, 
round'^.'^  The  officer  of  the  rounds  then  advances  alone, 
the  guard  standing  at  shouldered  arms.  The  officer  of 
the  rounds  passes  along  the  front  of  the  guard  to  the 
officer,  who  keeps  his  post  on  the  right,  and  gives  hlni 
the  2)arole.  IIg  then  examines  the  guard,  orders  back 
iiis  escort,  and  taking  a  new  one,  proceeds  in  tiie  same 
))i.anner  to  other  guards. 


ESCORTS.  93 

ESCORTS  OF  HONOR. 

The  escort  will  be  drawn  up  in  line,  the  centre  oppo- 
site to  the  place  where  the  person  to  be  escorted  presents 
himself,  with  an  interval  between  the  wings  to  recive  him 
and  his  retinue.  On  his  appearance  he  will  be  received 
with  the  honors  due  to  liis  rank.  When  he  has  taken  his 
place  in  the  line,  the  whole  will  be  wheeled  into  platoons 
or  companies,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  take  np  the  march. 
The  same  ceremony  will  be  observed,  and  the  same  hon- 
ors paid,  on  his  leaving  the  escort. 

When  the  position  of  the  escort  is  at  a  considerable  dis- 
tance from  the  point  where  he  is  expected  to  be  received, 
a  doulile  line  of  sentinels  will  be  posted  from  that  point  to 
the  escort,  facing  inward,  and  the  sentinels  will  suc- 
cessively salute  as  he  passes.  An  officer  will  be  appoint- 
ed to  attend  him,  to  bear  such  communications  as  he  may 
have  to  make  to  the  commander  of  the  escort. 

COLOR  J^SCORT. 

When  a  battalion  turns  out  under  arms,  and  the  color 
is  wanted,  a  company,  other  than  that  of  the  color,  will  be 
put  in  march  to  receive  and  escort  the  color,  in  the  fol- 
lowing order,  in  quick  time  and  without  music  : — the 
drum-major  and  field  music  followed  by  the  band  ;  the  es- 
cort in  column  by  platoon,  right  in  front,  with  arms  shifted 
to  the  right  shoulder,  and  the  color-bearer  between  the 
platoons. 

Arrived  in  front  of  the  tent  or  quarters  of  the  colonel, 
the  escort  will  form  into  line,  the  field  music  and  band  on 
the  right,  and  arms  will  be  carried.  The  color-bearer, 
proceeded  by  the  tirst  lieutenant,  and  followed  by  a  ser- 
geant of  the  escort,  will  then  go  to  receive  the  color. 

When  the  col or-beaarer  shall  come  out,  followed  by  the 
lieutenant  and  sergeant,  he  will  halt  before  the  entrance  ; 
the  captain  will  cause  tlie  escort  to  present  arms,  and  the 
drums  wall  Iieat  to  the  color  for  half  a  minute,  wdieu  arms 
will  be  shouldered,  and  the  escort  will  be  broken  into  column 
by  platoon.  The  color-bearer  will  place  himself  between 
the  platoons.  The  lieutenant  and  sergeant  will  resume 
their  posts,  and  the  escort  will  march  back  to  the  battalion 


94  COLOR  ESCORT. 

to  the  sound  of  music,  in  quick  time  and  in  the  same  order 
'as  above. 

Arrived  at  the  distance  of  twenty  paces  from  the  battal- 
ion the  escort  will  bo  lialted,  and  the  njusic  will  cease  ; 
the  colonel  \\'ill  place  hinise'faix  paces  bclbre  the  centre  of 
the  battalion,  tlie  color-bearer  will  approacli  the  colonel,  by 
tlie  front,  in  quick  time  ;  when  at  the  distance  of  ten  paces, 
lie  will  halt ;  the  colonel  will  cause  arms  to  be  presented,  and 
to  ^Ae  ro/o?' to  be  played,  which  beinii  executed,  the  color- 
bearer  will  take  his  place  in  the  front  rank  of  the  cohjr-guard, 
and  the  battalion,  by  command,  will  shoulder  arms.  The 
escort,  field  music  and  band  will  return  in  quick  time  to  their 
several  places  in  the  line  of  batte,  marching  by  the  rear  of 
the  battaliijn. 

The  color  will  be  escorted  back  io  the  colonel's  tent  or 
quarters  with  like  ceremony  and  in  the  same  order. 


FUNERAL   HONORS.  95 


FU\ERAL  HONOHS. 

The  funeral  escort  Avill  be  formed  in  t"U'o  ranl\s,  opp'^sito 
to  the  quarters  or  tent  of  the  deceased,  with  shouldered  arms 
and  bayonets  unfixed  ;  the  artillery  and  cavalry  on  ;he  right 
of  the  infantry.'"'  On  the  appearance  of  the  corpse,  the  oifi- 
cer  commanding  -the  escort  will  command 

Present- A  RMS. 

When  the  the  honors  due  to  the  decease  will  be  paid  by 
tiie  drums  and  trumpets.  The  music  will  then  play  an  ap- 
projoriate  air,  and  the  cofiin  will  be  taken  to  ihe  right,  when 
it  will  be  halted.     The  commander  will  then  ortlcr  : 

1.  Shoulder- AI»JIS.  2.  By  company  (or  platoon)  lef, 
wheel.  3.  MARCH.  4.  Keverse-A  MS.  5  Col- 
umn, forward.     6.  Guide  right.     7.  3IA!  CH. 

The  column  will  be  marched  in  slow  time  to  solemn  music, 
and  on  reaching  the  grave,  Avill  take  a  direction  so  as  that  the 
guides  shall  be  next  to  the  grave.  When  the  centre  of  the 
column  is  opposite  the  grave,  the  commander  will  order  : 

1.  Column.      2.  HAI^T.      3.  Right,  into   line   wheel, 
4.  MARCH. 

The  coffin  is  then  brought  along  the  front,  to  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  grave,  and  the  commander  then  orders: 

1.  Shoulder- ARMS.    2.  Present-ATMS. 

And  when  the  coffin  reaches  the  grave,  he  add.v. 

*  Tbe  usual  badge  of  military  mourning  is  a  piece  of  black 
cra)e  around  the  left  arms,  above  the  elbow,  and  also  upon 
the  rfword  hilt,  and  will  be  worn  when  in  full  or  undress.  The 
dru  as  of  a  funeral  escort  will  be  covered  witU  black  crape,  or 
thia  black  ssr^e. 


90  *  FUNEKAL   HONORS. 

3.  Shoulder- ARMS.    4.  Rest  oii-ARMS. 

After  the  funeral  services  is  perfoj-med,  and  the  coffin 
is  lowered  into  the  grave,  the  commander  will  order, 

1.  Attention.     2.  Shouldcr-ARMS.      3.  toad  at  Avill. 
4.  I.OAI). 

And  cause  three  rounds  of  small  arms  to  be  fired  by 
the  escort.     He  will  then  command: 

1.  By  company  (or  platoon)  right-wlieel.  2.  MARCH 
3.  Column  forward.  4.  Guide-left.  5.  Q,uick- 
MARCH. 

The  music  will  not  begin  to  play  until  the  essort  is 
clear  of  the  enclosure. 


CONTENTS 


Ikstruction Q 

COJIMANDS 

THE  SQ,UAD. 

7 

Position-  of  thb  Soldier ' 

Facings a 

The  direct  step ° 

Common  time .• ^ 

Quick  time ^ 

Double  quick  time^ '^^ 

Alignment. .  -. J^ 

To  march  to  the  front J* 

To  march  obliquely 1^ 

To  march  backwards 13 

To  mark  time 1| 

To  change  step ; l*' 

To  march  to  the  right  about 13 

To  side  step 1^ 

To  march  by  the  flank 1^ 

To  change  direction  by  file 1  ^ 

Wheelings 1" 

Turning .' 18 

Manual  OF  Arms 19 

Hest ;  in  place,  rest ; 24 

Parade  rest 24 

To  stack  arms ^6 

Inspection  of  arms 29 

Loading  and  tiring 30 

The  dir  ect  fire 35 

The  oblique  fire 35 

Totirebyfile 36 

To  fire  by  rank 36 

THE  COMPANY. 

Formation  of  the  Company 38 

Post  of  officers  in  line 39 

To  open  ranks 40 

Manual  of  arms  in  open  ranks •  •  •  40 

To  close  ranks 41 

Posts  of  oflicers  in  the  iSringa 41 


EI     .  TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 

To  fire  by  the  rear  rank 41 

'Jo  advance  in  line  of  battle 4*8 

To  march  in  retreat 43 

To  niaich  by  the  fiiink 44 

To  ch  inge  "diiTCtion  bv  file 46 

On  tlie  right  by  file  into  line 46 

On  the  Icfl  by  file  into  line 47 

In  two  ranks,  undonble  liles 47 

In  four  ranks,  double  tiles 48 

]'osts  of  officers  in  column 43 

By  company  into  line 49 

liy  platoon  into  line 49 

Marching  in  column  by  platoon,  to  march  by  the  flank  in 

the  same  direction 53 

To  break  into  column  by  platoon 5) 

To  march  into  column.' 51 

T>  change  direction  of  the  column 52 

To  halt  the  coin. nn,  and  to  form  uito  line  either  at  a  halt 

or  on  tlie   march S5 

T  )  break  the  company  into  platoons 53        I 

To  re-form  the  Company 56        ] 

Tv)  break  H  es  to  the  rear 57        ] 

To  cau-e  tiles  broke'i  oft'  to  return  into  line 58 

The  column  in   route 58 

Count(.-rmarch 60 

The  column  being  in  march,  to  form  on  the  right  or  left 

into  line  of  b.iitle 61 

Formation  of  a  company  from  two  ranks  into   foti  ,  and  «^ 

reciprocally  at  a  halt,  and  in  march 62   f 

M.vNUAL  OF  Arms  for  Riflemen C5 

Form  of  Inspection 76 

Dress  Parm^e 79 

Rkvi  K\V 8'^ 

Guard  Mounti.vg "6 

Guards  and  iSKNTiXELs  SO 

Escorts  of  Honor 98 

Color  Escort i^3 

Flneual  UonuBS »» 


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